Symmetry-breaking bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with symmetric potentials

DOI10.1007/S00220-011-1361-3zbMATH Open1235.34128arXiv1012.3921OpenAlexW1970218941MaRDI QIDQ651405FDOQ651405

Authors: E. Kirr, Panayotis G. Kevrekidis, Dmitry Pelinovsky 

Publication date: 13 December 2011

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider the focusing (attractive) nonlinear Schr"odinger (NLS) equation with an external, symmetric potential which vanishes at infinity and supports a linear bound state. We prove that the symmetric, nonlinear ground states must undergo a symmetry breaking bifurcation if the potential has a non-degenerate local maxima at zero. Under a generic assumption we show that the bifurcation is either subcritical or supercritical pitchfork. In the particular case of double-well potentials with large separation, the power of nonlinearity determines the subcritical or supercritical character of the bifurcation. The results are obtained from a careful analysis of the spectral properties of the ground states at both small and large values for the corresponding eigenvalue parameter. We employ a novel technique combining concentration--compactness and spectral properties of linearized Schr"odinger type operators to show that the symmetric ground states can either be uniquely continued for the entire interval of the eigenvalue parameter or they undergo a symmetry--breaking pitchfork bifurcation due to the second eigenvalue of the linearized operator crossing zero. In addition we prove the appropriate scaling for the stationary states in the limit of large values of the eigenvalue parameter. The scaling and our novel technique imply that all ground states at large eigenvalues must be localized near a critical point of the potential and bifurcate from the soliton of the focusing NLS equation without potential localized at the same point. The theoretical results are illustrated numerically for a double-well potential obtained after the splitting of a single-well potential. We compare the cases before and after the splitting, and numerically investigate bifurcation and stability properties of the ground states which are beyond the reach of our theoretical tools.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3921

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zbMATH Keywords

bifurcationground statesnonlinear Schrödinger equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boundary value problems on infinite intervals for ordinary differential equations (34B40) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55)

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Cited In (47)

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