Exceptional Hahn and Jacobi orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2016.11.003MaRDI QIDQ730191zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors A. J. Durán

Publication date 23 December 2016

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02579

zbMATH Keywords

difference and differential operatorsexceptional polynomialsHahn polynomialsJacobi polynomialsorthogonal polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Other functions coming from differential, difference and integral equations (33E30) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Abstract: Using Casorati determinants of Hahn polynomials $$, we construct for each pair $F=(F_1,F_2)$ of finite sets of positive integers polynomials $$, $ninsigm{a}_F$, which are eigenfunctions of a second order difference operator, where $sigm{a}_F$ is certain set of nonnegative integers, $sigm{a}_{F}varsubsetneqNN$. When $NinNN$ and $alpha$, $$, $N$ and $F$ satisfy a suitable admissibility condition, we prove that the polynomials $$ are also orthogonal and complete with respect to a positive measure (exceptional Hahn polynomials). By passing to the limit, we transform the Casorati determinant of Hahn polynomials into a Wronskian type determinant of Jacobi polynomials $$. Under suitable conditions for $alpha$, $$ and $F$, these Wronskian type determinants turn out to be exceptional Jacobi polynomials.

Review text

This very interesting and well written paper, starts from Hahn polynomials and constructs from them, using Casorati determinants, polynomials which are eigenfunctions of a second order difference equation. Under certain admissability conditions on the parameters, these polynomials are also complete and orthogonal with respect to a positive measure (exceptional Hahn polynomials). Passing to the limit (as for the ordinary Hahn and Jacobi polynomials), the Casorati determinant transforms into a Wronskian and under certain conditions on the parameters, these turn out to be exceptional Jacobi polynomials. The layout of the paper is as follows: Introduction: Exceptional (discrete) orthogonal polynomials \(p_n,n\in X\subset\mathbb N,X\not=\mathbb N\), are complete orthogonal polynomial systems with respect to a positive measure, which are in addition eigenfunctions of a second order (difference) differential equation. As \(X\not=\mathbb N\), there are so called \textit{gaps in the degrees}. Preliminaries. Important lemmas for the proofs of the main results, the Christoffel transform, basic definitions and facts of Hahn, dual Hahn and Jacobi polynomials. \S3 Constructing polynomials which are eigenfunctions of second order difference equations First the extension of the ordinary Hahn polynomials \(h_n{\alpha,\beta,N}(x)\) is given. Then, the main result is Theorem 3.3, stating the explicit form of the second order difference equation for these extended polynomials. \S4 Exceptional Hahn polynomials The extensions given in \S3 are proved to be exceptional (i.e. they are orthogonal and complete with respect to a positive measure) in Theorem 4.4 under conditions on the integer parameters \(\alpha,\beta\) and \(N\) (above the conditions \(\alpha,\beta\in\{-1,-2,\ldots,-N\};\;\alpha+\beta\in\{-1,-2,\ldots,-2N-1\}\)). \S5 Constructing polynomials which are eigenfunctions of second order differential equations This uses the basic limit going from Hahn polynomials to Jacobi polynomials: replace \(x\) by \((1-x)/N\) and let \(N\rightarrow\infty\); given in Theorem 5.2. \S6 Exceptional Jacobi polynomials Again the concept of exceptionality is used to indicate the existence of orthogonality and completeness with respect to a positive measure, now for the polynomials introduced in \S5. \S7 Recurrence relations In Corollary 7.1 (exceptional Hahn) and Corollary 7.2 (exceptional Jacobi) explicit forms of the recurrence relations for the new orthogonal polynomials are given; because of the gaps in the degrees, the order is now higher than in the classical cases and also given. References The list contains 35 items.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(39)

• Recurrence relations for Wronskian Hermite polynomials
• Exceptional Jacobi polynomials
• Exceptional Bannai-Ito polynomials
• Exceptional Meixner and Laguerre orthogonal polynomials
• Exceptional Legendre polynomials and confluent Darboux Transformations
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