The sl(n)_k-WZNW fusion ring: a combinatorial construction and a realisation as quotient of quantum cohomology

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2010.02.021MaRDI QIDQ986077zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Christian Korff, Catharina Stroppel

Publication date 11 August 2010

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.2347

zbMATH Keywords

Bethe Ansatzfusion ringHall algebraintegrable moduleplactic algebraquantum cohomologysymmetric functionVerlinde algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67) Inverse scattering problems in quantum theory (81U40) Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz (82B23)

Abstract: A simple, combinatorial construction of the sl(n)-WZNW fusion ring, also known as Verlinde algebra, is given. As a byproduct of the construction one obtains an isomorphism between the fusion ring and a particular quotient of the small quantum cohomology ring of the Grassmannian Gr(k,k+n). We explain how our approach naturally fits into known combinatorial descriptions of the quantum cohomology ring, by establishing what one could call a `Boson-Fermion-correspondence' between the two rings. We also present new recursion formulae for the structure constants of both rings, the fusion coefficients and the Gromov-Witten invariants.

Review text

A theorem of Witten asserts that the fusion ring \(\mathcal{F}(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(n))_k\) of integrable highest weight \(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(n)\)-modules at level \(k\) is isomorphic to the specialization at \(q=1\) of the quantum cohomology ring \(qH^{\bullet}(\mathrm{Gr}_{k,n+k})_{q=1}\) for the Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}_{k,n+k}\). The main aim of the paper under review is to give a mathematically rigorous realization of \(\mathcal{F}(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(n))_k\) as a quotient of \(qH^{\bullet}(\mathrm{Gr}_{k,n+k})\) with the defining relations explained via Bethe Ansatz equations of a quantum integrable system. Both rings are also described combinatorially in terms of symmetric polynomials (Schur polynomials) in pairwise noncommuting variables. The starting point of authors' analysis is an observation that generating function of the elementary symmetric polynomials turns out to be the transfer matrix for a quantum integrable system. As a consequence, the authors obtain a simple particle formulation of both rings leading to new recursion formulae for the structure constants of the fusion ring as well as for Gromov-Witten invariants. The proposed approach also leads naturally to the Verlinde formula and equips the combinatorial fusion algebra with a \(\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\)-action.

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