Relative test elements for tight closure
The author generalizes the notion of test elements from the theory of tight closure for rings containing a field of characteristic \(p > 0\). Namely, under some assumptions on the rings \(R \subseteq S\), he defines the module of relative test elements to be NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\{f \in \text{Hom}_R(S,R) |f((IS)^*) \subseteq I \text{ for all ideals }I\text{ in }R\},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the superscript \(^*\) denotes the tight closure of the ideal. He proves several equivalent formulations, and gives a new characterization of weak F-regularity for complete local reduced rings.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEOne of the equivalent formulations is as follows: If \((R,m) \subseteq S\) are complete local reduced rings and \(S\) is module-finite over \(R\), then the module of relative test elements equals NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\{f \in \text{Hom}_R(S,R) |f((I_t S)^*) \subseteq I_t\},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\{I_t\}\) is a sequence of \(m\)-primary irreducible ideals in \(R\) cofinal with the powers of \(m\). To prove that it suffices to consider only the \(m\)-primary ideals note that for any ideal \(I\) and any \(f \in \text{Hom}_R(S,R)\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINEf((IS)^*) \subseteq \bigcap_n f((IS+ m^n S)^*) \subseteq \bigcap_n (I+ m^n) =I.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE When \(R\) is a Gorenstein ring, the module of relative test elements equals the parameter test ideal defined by \textit{K. E. Smith} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 347, 3453-3472 (1995: Zbl 0849.13003)]. The author proves that the parameter test ideal is isomorphic to the test ideal for complete local normal Gorenstein rings. He also gives an example (example 6) of a non-Gorenstein ring for which the module of relative test elements equals the product of the test ideal with the canonical module.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA typographical error in line 10 on page 106: One should apply the functor \(\text{Hom}_R(\quad, E_R)\) rather than \(\text{Hom}_S(\quad, E_S)\).
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