Representations of classical Lie groups and quantized free convolution

Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Combinatorial probability (60C05)

Abstract: We study the decompositions into irreducible components of tensor products and restrictions of irreducible representations of classical Lie groups as the rank of the group goes to infinity. We prove the Law of Large Numbers for the random counting measures describing the decomposition. This leads to two operations on measures which are deformations of the notions of the free convolution and the free projection. We further prove that if one replaces counting measures with others coming from the work of Perelomov and Popov on the higher order Casimir operators for classical groups, then the operations on the measures turn into the free convolution and projection themselves. We also explain the relation between our results and limit shape theorems for uniformly random lozenge tilings with and without axial symmetry.

Review text

The authors study the asymptotic behavior of irreducible components for tensor products and restrictions of irreducible representations for all series of classical Lie groups, as the rank of a group goes to infinity. They prove the weak convergence of the random counting measures describing the decomposition. The tensor product and restriction correspond to the operations on counting measures interpreted as deformations of the free convolution and free projection. It is shown how to change the counting measures to obtain in the above situations the free convolution and free projection themselves. This change follows the work by \textit{A. M. Perelomov} and \textit{V. S. Popov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 2, 1315--1335 (1970; Zbl 0197.30404)] on higher order Casimir operators. An interpretation in terms of random lozenge tilings of planar domains is given; for the latter see [\textit{H. Cohn} et al., New York J. Math. 4, 137--165 (1998; Zbl 0908.60083); \textit{A. Borodin} and \textit{P. L. Ferrari}, Commun. Math. Phys. 325, No. 2, 603--684 (2014; Zbl 1303.82015)].

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