Nikishin systems on star-like sets: ratio asymptotics of the associated multiple orthogonal polynomials (Q1685945)

This work generalizes the results obtained for the ratio asymptotics of multiple orthogonal polynomials generated by two measures in [the first author, J. Approx. Theory 163, No. 9, 1146--1184 (2011; Zbl 1228.42030)] to a system with \(n\) measures. It relies on several results that were obtained already for this general setting in the preprint [the first author and \textit{E. Miña-Díaz}, ``Nikishin systems on star-like sets: algebraic properties and weak asymptotics of the associated multiple orthogonal polynomials'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1606.08047}]. A Nikishin system \((s_0,\ldots,s_{p-1})\) is defined depending on \(p\) disjunct intervals \(\{\Gamma_j\}_{j=0}^{p-1}\) and \(p\) measures \(\{\sigma_j\}_{j=0}^{p-1}\) defined on these intervals. \(\Gamma_j=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:z^{p+1}\in[a_j,b_j]\}\), \(j=0,\ldots,p-1\) with \([a_j,b_j]\) on the positive or the negative real half line depending on \(j\) being even or odd. This defines a triangular table of Nikishin systems \(s_{i,j}: i=0,\ldots,p-1; j=i,\ldots,p-1\) with \(s_{k,k}=\sigma_k\) and \(ds_{k,j}(z)=\int_{\Gamma_{k+1}}\frac{ds_{k+1,j}(t)}{z-t}d\sigma_k(z)\) and \(s_j=s_{0,j}\). Some orthogonal polynomials \(Q_n\) can be defined, satisfying \(\int_{\Gamma_0} Q_{mp+r}(z)z^lds_j(z)=0\), \(l=0,\ldots,m-1\), \(j=0,\ldots,p-1\) and \(\int_{\Gamma_0} Q_{mp+r}(z)z^mds_j(z)=0\), \(j=0,\ldots,r-1\). They satisfy a recurrence \(zQ_n(z)=Q_{n+1}(z)+a_nQ_{n-p}(z)\), \(n\geq p\), \(a_n>0\) starting with \(Q_l(z)=z^l\), \(l=0,\ldots,p\). The functions of the second kind \(\Psi_{n,k}(z)=\int_{\Gamma_{k-1}}\frac{\Psi_{n,k-1}(t)}{z-t}d\sigma_{k-1}(t)\), \(\Psi_{n,0}=Q_n\) play an important role. They have \(Z(n,k)\) simple zeros in \((a_k,b_k)\) that interlace for successive \(n\). One of the key results is that \(Z(n+1,k)-Z(n,k)\in\{-1,0,1\}\) and this is periodic in \(n\) with period \(p(p+1)\). This allows to formulate asymptotics for \(Q_{\lambda p(p+1)+\rho+1}/Q_{\lambda p(p+1)+\rho}\) as \(\lambda\to\infty\) and \(0\leq \rho\leq p(p+1)-1\).