Almost complex structures on \(S^2\times S^2\) (Q1974972)

It is well known that every symplectic form on \(X=S^2\times S^2\) is, after multiplication by a suitable constant, symplectomorphic to a product form \(\omega ^{\lambda}=(1+\lambda)\sigma_1+\sigma_2\) for some \(\lambda\geq 0\), where the \(2\)-form \(\sigma_i\) has total area 1 on the \(i\)th factor. The author investigates the structure of the space \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}\) of all \(C^{\infty}\) \(\omega ^{\lambda}\)-compatible, almost complex structures on \(X\). The space \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}\) has a natural stratification that changes as \(\lambda\) passes each integer. Let \(A \in H_2(X,{\mathbb Z})\) be the homology class \([S^2 \times pt]\) and let \(F=[pt \times S^2]\). When \(l-1<\lambda \leq l\), \(\omega ^{\lambda}(A-kF)>0\) for \(0\leq k \leq l\). Let \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_k=\{J\in \mathcal{J}^{\lambda}\): there is a \(J\)-hol curve in class \(A-kF\}\) and \(\overline{\mathcal{J}}^{\lambda}_k=\bigcup_{m\geq k}\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_m\). Theorem. (i) For each \(1\leq k \leq l\), \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_k\) is a submanifold of \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}\) of codimension \(4k-2\). (ii) For each \(m> k \geq 1\), the normal link \(\mathcal{L}^{\lambda}_{m,k}\) of \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_m\) in \(\overline{\mathcal{J}}^{\lambda}_k\) is a stratified space of dimension \(4(m-k)-1\). Thus, there is neighborhood of \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_m\) in \(\overline{\mathcal{J}}^{\lambda}_k\) that is fibered over \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_m\) with fiber equal to the cone on \(\mathcal{L}^{\lambda}_{m,k}\). (iii) The structure of the link \(\mathcal{L}^{\lambda}_{m,k}\) is independent of \(\lambda\) (provided that \(\lambda > m-1\)). In this paper the maps \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda} \to \mathcal{J}^{\mu}\) for \(\lambda < \mu\) that preserve the stratification are constructed. The author illustrates the methods by using the stable map approach to confirm that the link of \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}_2\) in \(\mathcal{J}^{\lambda}\) is \(S^5\). All the above results have analogs for other ruled surfaces \(Y\to \Sigma\), where \(Y\) is diffeomorphic to the product \(\Sigma \times S^2\) or \(Y={\mathbb C}P^2 \sharp \overline{{\mathbb C}P}^2\). The basic method here is taken from \textit{D. McDuff} and \textit{D. Salamon} [\(J\)-holomorphic curves and quantum cohomology, Univ. Lecture Ser. 6 (1994; Zbl 0809.53002)] and \textit{K. Fukaya} and \textit{K. Ono} [Topology 38, 933-1048 (1999; Zbl 0946.53047)].