On positivity of the CM line bundle on K-moduli spaces (Q2215808)

Moduli spaces for Fano varieties have been studied intensively over the last ten years, both from the analytic and the algebraic side. A major step in the construction of moduli spaces for K-semistable/polystable varieties was achieved by combining several recent papers of \textit{C. Jiang} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 53, No. 5, 1235--1248 (2020; Zbl 1473.14079)], \textit{H. Blum} and \textit{C. Xu} [Ann. Math. (2) 190, No. 2, 609--656 (2019; Zbl 1427.14084)], \textit{J. Alper} et al. [Invent. Math. 222, No. 3, 995--1032 (2020; Zbl 1465.14043)], \textit{H. Blum} et al., [``Openness of K-semistability for Fano varieties'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1907.02408}], \textit{C. Xu} [Ann. Math. (2) 191, No. 3, 1003--1030 (2020; Zbl 1469.14033)]: the moduli functor parametrising \(K\)-semistable \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano varieties of dimension \(n\) and volume \(V\) is represented by a finite type Artin stack, and the corresponding moduli space \(M^{\mathrm{Kps}}_{n, V}\) of \(K\)-polystable Fano varieties exists as a separated algebraic space. It is expected that this algebraic space is proper and the CM line bundle \(\Lambda_{\mathrm{CM}}\) on it is ample. An important step in this direction was achieved by \textit{G. Codogni} and \textit{Z. Patakfalvi} [Invent. Math. 223, No. 3, 811--894 (2021; Zbl 1462.14044)]: given a general family \(f: X \rightarrow B\) of \(K\)-semistable Fano varieties over a proper base, the CM line bundle \(\lambda_f\) is nef. Moreover, if the family has maximal variation and the fibres are uniformly \(K\)-stable, then \(\lambda_f\) is big. \newline In this paper the authors prove a positivity statement for the CM line bundle that should ultimately yield its ampleness: let \(M \subset M^{\mathrm{Kps}}_{n, V}\) be a proper algebraic subspace such that every geometric point \(s \in M\) corresponds to a reduced uniformly \(K\)-stable Fano variety \(X_s\). Then the restriction of the CM line bundle \(\Lambda_{\mathrm{CM}}\) to \(M\) is ample. The notion of reduced uniform \(K\)-stability appearing in the statement was developed by \textit{T. Hisamoto} [``Stability and coercivity for toric polarizations'', Preperint, \url{arXiv:1610.07998}] and \textit{C. Lie} [``G-uniform stability and Kähler-Einstein metrics on Fano varieties'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1907.09399}] and gives an algebraic analogue of uniform \(K\)-stability for varieties such that the automorphism group has positive dimension. In particular Li shows that over \(\mathbb C\) reduced uniform \(K\)-stability is equivalent to the existence of a singular Kähler-Einstein metric. Since every smoothable \(K\)-polystable Fano variety admits a Kähler-Einstein metric [\textit{X. Chen} et al., J. Am. Math. Soc. 28, No. 1, 183--197 (2015; Zbl 1312.53096)], one obtains the following corollary in the case where the ground field \(k=\mathbb C\): denote by \(\overline{M}^{\mathrm{sm, Kps}}_{n, V}\) the moduli space of smoothable \(K\)-polystable Fano varieties (which is known to be proper). Then the CM line bundle \(\Lambda_{\mathrm{CM}}\) is ample on \(\overline{M}^{\mathrm{sm, Kps}}_{n, V}\). \newline In the work of Codogni and Patakfalvi the characterisation of \(K\)-stability in terms of log-canonical thresholds with respect to basis type divisors plays a central rôle. In this paper the authors introduce a number of new invariants to study \(K\)-(semi)stability: let \((X,\Delta)\) be a log Fano pair and \(r\) a positive integer such that \(-r(K_X+\Delta)\) is Cartier. Let \(\mathcal F\) be a linearly bounded multiplicative filtration of \[ R:= \bigoplus_{m\in \mathbb N} H^0(X,-rm(K_X+\Delta)). \] For every \(\delta\in\mathbb R_+\), one defines the \(\delta\)-log canonical slope \(\mu_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F)\) as \[ \mu_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F) = \sup \left\{t\in\mathbb R\,|\,\mbox{lct}(X,\Delta;I^{(t)}_\bullet)\ge \frac{\delta}{r}\right\} \] where \(I_{m,\lambda}(\mathcal F):=\mathrm{Im} \left( \mathcal F^\lambda R_m \otimes \mathcal O_{X}(rm(K_X+\Delta)) \to \mathcal O_X\right)\) are the base ideals of \(\mathcal F\) and \(I^{(t)}_\bullet\) is the graded sequence of ideals given by \(I^{(t)}_m := I_{m, tm}(\mathcal F)\). Then one sets \[ \beta_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F):= \frac{\mu_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F)-S(\mathcal F)}{r} \] where \(S(\mathcal F)\) is the \(S\)-invariant of the filtration \(\mathcal F\) (cf. the paper for more details). The second main theorem of the paper then establishes the following characterisations for a log Fano pair \((X,\Delta)\): \begin{itemize} \item \((X,\Delta)\) is K-semistable if and only if \(\beta_{X,\Delta,1}(\mathcal F))\geq 0\) for any linearly bounded multiplicative filtration \(\mathcal F\). \item \((X,\Delta)\) is uniformly K-stable if and only if there exists a constant \(\delta>1\), such that \(\beta_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F)\geq 0\) for any linearly bounded multiplicative filtration \(\mathcal F\). \item If the automorphism group \(\mbox{Aut}(X,\Delta)\) has positive dimension, fix a maximal torus \(T\subset \mbox{Aut}(X,\Delta)\). Then \((X,\Delta)\) is reduced uniformly K-stable if and only if there exists a constant \(\delta>1\) such that for any linearly bounded multiplicative filtration \(\mathcal F\), one has \[ \beta_{X,\Delta,\delta}(\mathcal F_{\xi})\geq 0\qquad \mbox{for some vector field }\xi \in \mbox{Hom}(\mathbb G_m,T) \otimes {\mathbb R}. \] \end{itemize}