Varieties and analytic normalizations of partially integrable systems (Q5964039)

The authors consider analytic differential systems of the form \[ \dot{x}= A x + f(x)\tag{1} \] in \(\mathbb{F}^n\) with \(\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\) and where \(A\) is a \(n \times n\) constant matrix. The authors study the varieties of partial integrability in a neighborhood of the origin. We recall that partial integrability means that the number of independent analytic first integrals in a neighborhood of the origin is less than or equal to \(n-1\). The authors also prove the existence of analytic normalizations of partially integrable systems. The classical results of Poincaré and Lyapunov provide the characterization for the origin of a planar differential system to be a center. A similar result was obtained by Moser for a saddle of a planar analytic Hamiltonian system. These results were recently extended to any finite dimensional integrable differential system by \textit{V. G. Romanovski} et al. [J. Differ. Equations 257, No. 9, 3079--3101 (2014; Zbl 1305.34022)]. The result is the following. Set \(\mathcal R=\{m\in\mathbb Z_+^n|\langle\lambda,m\rangle=0,|m|\geq 2\}.\) Let \(\lambda\in\mathbb C^n\) denote the \(n\)-tuple of eigenvalues of the matrix \(A\), and \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle\) denote the standard inner product of two vectors, with \(|m|=m_1+ \ldots m_n\) for for \(m=(m_1, \ldots, m_n)\). Theorem 1. Let \(X\) be the analytic vector field associated to system (1). The following statements hold. {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(a)] There exists a series \(\psi(x)\) with its resonant monomials arbitrary such that \[ X(\psi(x)) = \sum_{\alpha \in \mathcal{R}} v_\alpha x^{\alpha},\tag{2} \] where \(v_\alpha\) are polynomials in the coefficients of \(X\) and of the resonant monomials of \(\psi(x)\). \item[(b)] If the vector field \(X\) has \(n-1\) functionally independent analytic or formal first integrals, then for any \(\psi\) satisfying (2), it holds \(v_\alpha=0\) for all \(\alpha \in \mathcal{R}\). \end{itemize}} The authors extend this Theorem 1 from integrable differential systems to partially integrable ones. Theorem 2. Assume that the maximum number of \(\mathbb{Q}_+\)-linearly independent elements of \(\mathcal{R}\) is \(d \in \{1, \ldots, n-1\}\). The following statements hold. {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(a)] If the vector field \(X\) associated to system (1) has \(d\) functionally independent analytic or formal first integrals, then for any \(\psi\) satisfying (2), it holds \(v_\alpha=0\) for all \(\alpha \in \mathcal{R}\). \item[(b)] Under the condition (a), the vector field \(X\) has \(d\) functionally independent first integrals of the form \[ H_1(x)= x^{\alpha_1} + h_1(x), \ldots, H_d(x)= x^{\alpha_d} + h_d(x), \] where \(\alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_d\) are \(\mathbb{Q}_+\)-linearly independent elements of \(\mathcal{R}\), and each \(h_j(x)\), \(j=1,\ldots, d\) consists of nonresonant monomials in \(x\) of degree larger then \(| \alpha_j|\). \end{itemize}} Moreover the authors prove the analytic normalization to a normal form on an invariant manifold of system (1) under certain conditions on the eigenvalues \( \lambda\), the resonant lattice \(\mathcal{R}\), and the number of independent analytic first integrals.