Riesz transforms associated with higher-order Schrödinger type operators (Q667728)

Let \(L=L_0+V\) be a Schrödinger type operator, where \(L_0=\sum_{|\alpha|=|\beta|=m}\partial^\alpha a_{\alpha,\beta} \partial^\beta\) is a higher order elliptic operator with bounded complex coefficients in divergence form and \(V=V_+-V_-, 0\leq V_\pm \in L^1_{loc}({\mathbb R}^N)\). It is assumed that \[ \langle V_- f,f\rangle \leq \mu \left(\langle L_0 f,f\rangle + \langle V_+ f,f\rangle\right) \] for some \(\mu\in [0,1)\). The authors study the \(L^q\) boundedness of the Riesz transform \(\nabla^mL^{-1/2}\). It is proved that {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] The Riesz transform \(\nabla^mL^{-1/2}\) is bounded on \(L^q({\mathbb R}^N)\) for all \(q \in \left( \frac{2N}{N+2m}\vee 1,2\right)\). \item[{\(\bullet\)}] The Riesz transform \(\nabla^mL^{-1/2}\) is of weak type \(q \in \left( \frac{2N}{N+2m}\vee 1,\frac{2N}{N+2m}\vee 1 \right)\) when \(N\neq 2m\). \end{itemize}} Assume that potential \(V\) belongs to the weak-\(L^{\frac{N}{2m}}({\mathbb R}^N)\), then the Riesz transform \(\nabla^mL^{-1/2}\) is bounded on \(L^q({\mathbb R}^N)\) for \(q\in \left(\frac{(2+\varepsilon)N}{(1+\varepsilon)N+(2+\varepsilon)m},2+\varepsilon\right) \), where \(\varepsilon\) is a positive constant depending on \(m, \mu\), \(\|V\|_{L^{\frac{N}{2m},\infty}}\) and ellipticity constants of the operator \(L_0\). The proofs are based on the following off-diagonal estimates: \[ \left\|e^{-tL}f \right\|_{L^2(E)} + \left\|tLe^{-tL}f \right\|_{L^2(E)} \leq Ae^ {-a \left(\frac{\text{dist}(E,F)}{t^{1/2m}}\right)^\frac{2m}{2m-1}} \|f\|_{L^2(F)} \] for all closed sets \(E,F \subset {\mathbb R}^N, t > 0\) and \(f\) supported in \(F\). These results are applied to the Schrödinger operators \(L=P(D)+V\), where \(P(D)\) is any homogeneous positive elliptic operator with constant coefficients.