Towards a nonequilibrium thermodynamics: A Self-contained macroscopic description of driven diffusive systems

DOI10.1007/S10955-008-9670-4MaRDI QIDQ833354zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Lorenzo Bertini, C. Landim, Alberto De Sole, Davide Gabrielli, G. Jona-Lasinio

Publication date 12 August 2009

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.4457

zbMATH Keywords

long range correlationsnonequilibrium processesstationary states

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C05) Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory (82C35)

Abstract: In this paper we present a self-contained macroscopic description of diffusive systems interacting with boundary reservoirs and under the action of external fields. The approach is based on simple postulates which are suggested by a wide class of microscopic stochastic models where they are satisfied. The description however does not refer in any way to an underlying microscopic dynamics: the only input required are transport coefficients as functions of thermodynamic variables, which are experimentally accessible. The basic postulates are local equilibrium which allows a hydrodynamic description of the evolution, the Einstein relation among the transport coefficients, and a variational principle defining the out of equilibrium free energy. Associated to the variational principle there is a Hamilton-Jacobi equation satisfied by the free energy, very useful for concrete calculations. Correlations over a macroscopic scale are, in our scheme, a generic property of nonequilibrium states. Correlation functions of any order can be calculated from the free energy functional which is generically a non local functional of thermodynamic variables. Special attention is given to the notion of equilibrium state from the standpoint of nonequilibrium.

Review text

The paper presents a ``physical theory for a certain class of thermodynamic systems that are out of equilibrium. In this state it's difficult to define a general class (or classes), for which an unified study is possible and the details of macroscopic dynamics play a far greater role than in equilibrium. One of the possible attempts is to construct a non-equilibrium thermodynamics with local equilibrium states (i.e., locally there is a possibility to define the variables like density, temperature, etc. which vary smoothly in the time scale). This means that macroscopically such a system reaches local equilibrium in time, which is shorter to the times of typical macroscopic evolutions. However, there are also cases where this approach fails but in this paper they aren't considered. In nonequilibrium systems the free energy is (in general) a non local function and we have the existence of correlations at the macroscopic level. The presented in paper theory seems to be (in authors opinion) a substantial improvement but with respect to the Onsanger approach. The suggested by the authors approach can be applicable to the real systems with nonlinear evolution equations and arbitrary boundary conditions. However, the authors assume a linear response with respect to the external applied field (the Onsanger theory is recovered as a first order approximation). The paper consists of four sections and one appendix where the ABC Model is presented both from microscopic and macroscopic point of view. In section 2 the readers can find the thermodynamic description for out of equilibrium diffusive systems. Te description is based on local thermodynamic variables which evolve according to (nonlinear) diffusion equations with boundary conditions and/or external fields which force the system out of equilibrium. The authors remark that the optimal trajectory provides a dynamical alternative to the usual prescription of equilibrium thermodynamics to calculate the free energy variation via a quasi static transformation. In Section 3 the discussion about the notion of equilibrium is given. The notion of macroscopic reversibility and its relationship to thermodynamic equilibrium is also presented. As an outcome of given analysis is that the correct definition of equilibrium, for the driven diffusive systems, is the vanishing of the currents. In last section the authors derive from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation the generic existence of long range correlations in nonequilibrium states. They also discuss the conditions on the transport coefficients for their appearance in the two point correlation function. A simple criterion to determine whether density fluctuations are positively or negatively correlated is also established. The paper is mostly based on previous papers of the authors (9 papers, ref. [1-7], [15] and [17]) where the approach was used in the case analysis of fluctuations in stochastic lattice gasses.

Recommendations

• Thermodynamics of nonequilibrium driven diffusive systems in mild contact with boundary reservoirs
• The non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to the dynamics of mesoscopic systems
• Stochastic thermodynamics of rapidly driven systems
• Thermodynamics of currents in nonequilibrium diffusive systems: theory and simulation
• Thermodynamic Structure of Nonlinear Macrokinetics in Reaction-Diffusion Systems
• Irreversible Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Processes and Noise in Driven Systems
• Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of diffusion in fluctuating potentials
• Multiscale mesoscopic entropy of driven macroscopic systems
• Stochastic fluctuations as a driving force to dissipative non-equilibrium states

Cites work

• Comment on “Onsager Reciprocity Relations without Microscopic Reversibility”
• Fluctuations and Irreversible Processes
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 52458 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1236226 (Why is no real title available?)
• Hydrodynamics and large deviation for simple exclusion processes
• Large deviations for a stochastic model of heat flow
• Large Deviations of the Empirical Current in Interacting Particle Systems
• Long range correlations and phase transitions in non-equilibrium diffusive systems
• Macroscopic fluctuation theory for stationary nonequilibrium states
• Minimum dissipation principle in stationary non-equilibrium states
• Non equilibrium current fluctuations in stochastic lattice gases
• Onsager Reciprocity Relations without Microscopic Reversibility
• Onsager symmetry from microscopic TP invariance.
• QUANTUM MACROSTATISTICAL THEORY OF NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATES
• Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. II.
• The weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process

Cited in

(52)

• Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of piecewise deterministic Markov processes
• A maximum entropy mean field method for driven diffusive systems
• Hydrodynamics and fluctuations outside of local equilibrium: driven diffusive systems.
• Inertial manifold and large deviations approach to reduced PDE dynamics
• Time evolution in macroscopic systems. III: Selected applications
• Thermodynamic transformations of nonequilibrium states
• Thermodynamics of currents in nonequilibrium diffusive systems: theory and simulation
• The information geometry of two-field functional integrals
• Thermodynamics of nonequilibrium driven diffusive systems in mild contact with boundary reservoirs
• Large deviations conditioned on large deviations II: Fluctuating hydrodynamics
• The energy of the alphabet model
• Externally driven macroscopic systems: dynamics versus thermodynamics
• Totally asymmetric limit for models of heat conduction
• Closed hierarchies and non-equilibrium steady states of driven systems
• Geometrical excess entropy production in nonequilibrium quantum systems
• Exact equalities and thermodynamic relations for nonequilibrium steady states
• Large deviations in the symmetric simple exclusion process with slow boundaries
• Weak coupling limits in a stochastic model of heat conduction
• Large deviations in stochastic heat-conduction processes provide a gradient-flow structure for heat conduction
• Driven Soft Matter: Entropy Production and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• From fluctuations in hydrodynamics to nonequilibrium thermodynamics
• Irreversible Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Processes and Noise in Driven Systems
• Microscopic versus macroscopic approaches to non-equilibrium systems
• Void formation in diffusive lattice gases
• Thermodynamics of stationary states
• Singularities in large deviation functions
• Correlations of the density and of the current in non-equilibrium diffusive systems
• Absence of dissipation in trajectory ensembles biased by currents
• An optimization principle for deriving nonequilibrium statistical models of Hamiltonian dynamics
• Finite size corrections to the large deviation function of the density in the one-dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 754528 (Why is no real title available?)
• Duality relations in single-file diffusion
• Large deviations of the current in stochastic collisional dynamics
• Non-equilibrium thermodynamical principles for chemical reactions with mass-action kinetics
• Notes about the macroscopic fluctuating theory
• Eikonal solutions for moment hierarchies of chemical reaction networks in the limits of large particle number
• A diffusive system driven by a battery or by a smoothly varying field
• Anomalous Fourier's law and long range correlations in a 1D non-momentum conserving mechanical model
• Entropy of stationary nonequilibrium measures of boundary driven symmetric simple exclusion processes
• Entropy and nonlinear nonequilibrium thermodynamic relation for heat conducting steady states
• Onsager coefficients in a coupled-transport model displaying a condensation transition
• Phase diagram of a generalized ABC model on the interval
• Current fluctuations in an interacting active lattice gas
• On the equivalence and optimality of transformations of diffusive systems
• Beyond fitness: the information imparted in population states by selection throughout lifecycles
• From ABC to KPZ
• Current fluctuations in finite-sized one-dimensional non-interacting passive and active systems
• On the two species asymmetric exclusion process with semi-permeable boundaries
• Current fluctuations in one dimensional diffusive systems with a step initial density profile
• Phase diagram of the ABC model on an interval
• Tagged particle in single-file diffusion
• Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the first and second kind: averages and fluctuations

This page was built for publication: Towards a nonequilibrium thermodynamics: A Self-contained macroscopic description of driven diffusive systems

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q833354)