Counterfactuals.
The book was first published in 1973 [Cambridge/MA: Harvard Univ. Press]; this is a reissue of a reprinting of 1986 that already corrected some errors, updated references, and added an appendix with abstracts of related papers of the author. There are no further changes in the present version.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe problem of a logical analysis of counterfactual conditional assertions is still a lively one, and Lewis' book has lost none of its vigour with the passage of a quarter century. It can still be recommended to students as an introduction to the subject, and re-read by specialists going back to the sources. It can also be re-examined from the perspective of neighbouring areas that did not exist when the book was first published and that owe much to it, such as the formal study of belief change and of nonmonotonic reasoning. In short, it is one of the classics of twenthieth century philosophical logic.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIt can, however, be read in two quite different ways. One is metaphysical, as an attempt to throw light on the real structure of a special realm, of possible worlds. The other is mathematical, in which `possible worlds' are arbitrary items that serve as elements of index sets in constructions serving as models for certain kinds of assertion; the choice of terminology is then essentially heuristic. One of the beauties of the book is that even those quite sceptical about the meaningfulness of the former inquiry can derive profit and delight from the latter.
- Evolutionary stability in repeated games played by finite automata
- On first-order conditional logics
- The expressive power of circumscription
- Syntactical treatments of propositional attitudes
- The ontology of impossible worlds
- The three semantics of fuzzy sets
- To preference via entrenchment
- Modal logics for qualitative possibility theory
- Nonmonotonic inference based on expectations
- Unifying default reasoning and belief revision in a modal framework
- Conditional logics of normality: A modal approach
- A formula for incorporating weights into scoring rules
- Modus ponens under the restrictor view
- Inferring probability comparisons
- Williamson on counterpossibles
- Generalized possibilistic logic: foundations and applications to qualitative reasoning about uncertainty
- System \(\text{Z}^{\text{FO}}\): default reasoning with system Z-like ranking functions for unary first-order conditional knowledge bases
- Belief revision and projection in the epistemic situation calculus
- Subjunctive conditional probability
- Safety, closure, and the flow of information
- Necessary connections in context
- Impossible worlds and the logic of imagination
- Implicature and non-local pragmatic encroachment
- Two arguments for the etiological theory over the modal theory of biological function
- Epistemology versus non-causal realism
- Causal counterfactuals are not interventionist counterfactuals
- Counterlegal dependence and causation's arrows: causal models for backtrackers and counterlegals
- Transitivity and proportionality in causation
- Dispositions and tricks
- Preferential accessibility and preferred worlds
- Probabilistic inferences from conjoined to iterated conditionals
- Loop quantum gravity: a new threat to humeanism? I: The problem of spacetime
- Metaphysics of the principle of least action
- Properties of skeptical c-inference for conditional knowledge bases and its realization as a constraint satisfaction problem
- Actuality, tableaux, and two-dimensional modal logics
- Modal Platonism and the problem of negativity
- A logical approach to interpolation based on similarity relations
- Circularities in the analysis of counterfactuals
- Dynamic interactive epistemology
- Belief revision, conditional logic and nonmonotonic reasoning
- Four probability-preserving properties of inferences
- Belief base change as priority change: a study based on dynamic epistemic logic
- An epistemic logic of blameworthiness
- Counterfactual skepticism and multidimensional semantics
- Counterpossibles
- Dynamic causes for the violation of timed reachability properties
- Basic intuitionistic conditional logic
- Implicit and explicit stances in logic
- Epistemic closure and epistemic logic. I: Relevant alternatives and subjunctivism
- Dynamic preference logic meets iterated belief change: representation results and postulates characterization
- On the Ramsey test analysis of `because'
- Deflationary metaphysics and ordinary language
- Defeasible normative reasoning
- Logic of convex order
- Nonmonotonic reasoning from conditional knowledge bases with system W
- Normal forms of conditional knowledge bases respecting system P-entailments and signature renamings
- Acceptance and certainty, doxastic modals, and indicative conditionals
- A simple and non-trivial Ramsey test
- Reasoning about general preference relations
- Metaphysical modality, without possible worlds
- Choice-driven counterfactuals
- Peirce's dragon-head logic (R 501, 1901)
- Rewriting the history of connexive logic
- Iterated conditionals and characterization of P-entailment
- Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals
- Causality analysis and fault ascription in component-based systems
- Perfect prediction in normal form: superrational thinking extended to non-symmetric games
- Designing normative theories for ethical and legal reasoning: \textsc{LogiKEy} framework, methodology, and tool support
- Informational dynamics of epistemic possibility modals
- The consequence argument ungrounded
- Semantic classification of qualitative conditionals and calculating closures of nonmonotonic inference relations
- Properties and interrelationships of skeptical, weakly skeptical, and credulous inference induced by classes of minimal models
- Counterfactual state explanations for reinforcement learning agents via generative deep learning
- Probabilities of counterfactuals and counterfactual probabilities
- Reasoning about evidence
- Ockhamism without thin red lines
- Embedded choices
- On the semantics of fuzzy logic
- Compilation of static and evolving conditional knowledge bases for computing induced nonmonotonic inference relations
- Hypothetical interventions and belief changes
- Probability, coherent belief and coherent belief changes
- A doxastic behavioral characterization of generalized backward induction
- In all but finitely many possible worlds: model-theoretic investigations on `\textit{overwhelming majority}' default conditionals
- Robot task planning and explanation in open and uncertain worlds
- HYPE: a system of hyperintensional logic (with an application to semantic paradoxes)
- Weak AGM postulates and strong Ramsey test: A logical formalization
- The co-occurrence test for non-monotonic inference
- Conflicting imperatives and dyadic deontic logic
- Two concepts of plausibility in default reasoning
- A generalised model of judgment aggregation
- Conditionals from a linguistic point of view: two case studies
- No interpretation of probability
- Non-normal modal logics and conditional logics: semantic analysis and proof theory
- ALX, an action logic for agents with bounded rationality
- An elegant universe
- Safety, sensitivity and differential support
- Knowledge, justification, and (a sort of) safe belief
- Disjunctive antecedent conditionals
- Counterfactual reasoning within physical theories
- A logic for binary classifiers and their explanation
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