An index formula for perturbed Dirac operators on Lie manifolds (Q472087)

This article studies index theory of Callias-type operators (e.g., perturbed Dirac operators) on a broad class of noncompact manifolds, known as Lie manifolds (or manifold with a Lie structure at infinity). A Lie manifold \(M_0\) is assumed to be the interior of a compact manifold \(M\) with corners, equipped with a Lie algebra of vector fields \(\mathcal{V}\subset\Gamma(TM)\) where: (1) Each element of \(\mathcal{V}\) is tangent to all faces of \(M;\) (2) \(\mathcal{V}\) is a finitely generated, projective \(C^{\infty}(M)\)-module, i.e., it is isomorphic to the smooth sections of a vector bundle \(A\) over \(M\); (3) The anchor map \(\rho: A\rightarrow TM\) gives rise to an isomorphism \(\rho|_{M_0}: A|_{M_0}\rightarrow TM_0\). Here \(\rho\) is a vector bundle morphism corresponding the inclusion map \[ \mathcal{V}=\Gamma(A)\rightarrow\Gamma(TM). \] Lie manifolds were introduced in [\textit{B. Ammann} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 165, No. 3, 717--747 (2007; Zbl 1133.58020)], extending results by Melrose, Schrohe, Schulze, Vasy and their collaborators, and include many examples such as manifolds with cylindrical ends, or with conical singularities. For an even-dimensional Lie manifold \((M, \mathcal{V})\) equipped with a metric \(g\) on \(M_0\) that extends to \(A\rightarrow M\), let \(W\) be a Clifford module over \(M\) with a connection \(\nabla^{W}: C^{\infty}(M, W)\rightarrow C^{\infty}(W\otimes A^*)\) and a Clifford multiplication bundle map \(c: A\otimes W\rightarrow W\). The generalised Dirac operator \(D: C^{\infty}(M, W)\rightarrow C^{\infty}(M, W)\) is given by the composition \(c\circ(id\otimes\phi)\circ\nabla^{W}\) where \(\phi: A^*\rightarrow A\) is isomorphism given by the metric \(g\). Let \(E\) be a Hermitian \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded vector bundle over \(M\) and \(V\in\mathrm{End}(E)\) an unbounded potential (odd self-adjoint, and invertible outside a compact subset of \(M_0\)) of the form \[ V:=f^{-1}V_0=\Pi x_k^{-a_k}V_0,\qquad a_k\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}, \] where \(x_k\) are defining functions on \(M\) where \(\{x_k=0\}\) is a hyperface \(H\) of \(M\) and \(dx_k\neq0\) on \(H,\) and \(V_0\) is a bounded potential extending to a smooth endomorphism of \(E\) and invertible at the boundary of \(M.\) A Callias-type operator \(T\) on the Lie manifold \((M, \mathcal{V})\) is the closure of an operator on \(C_c^{\infty}(M_0, W\hat\otimes E)\) given by \[ T:=D\hat\otimes 1+1\hat\otimes V. \] Here, \(W\hat\otimes E\) is \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded as \((W\hat\otimes E)^{\pm}=(W^{\pm}\otimes E^{\pm})\oplus(W^{-}\otimes E^{-})\) and \(T: (W\hat\otimes E)^{+}\rightarrow (W\hat\otimes E)^{-}\) is denoted by \(T^+.\) The main result (Theorem 4.13) of this paper states that \(T^+\) is a Fredholm operator and has an Atiyah-Singer type index formula: \[ \mathrm{ind} T^+=\int_{TM_0}\mathrm{ch}[\sigma(D^+)]\mathrm{ch}[\pi^*[V_0]]\pi^*\mathrm{Td}(T_{\mathbb{C}}M). \] Here \(\sigma(D^+)\) stands for the principal symbol of \(D^+\), \(\mathrm{Td}(T_{\mathbb C}M)\) is the Todd class of the complexified tangent bundle of \(M\), and \(\pi: \overline{TM}\rightarrow M\) is the natural projection. The proof of this theorem uses a few previous achievements in analysis. First, the problem is reduced to the case of a Dirac operator coupled with the bounded potential \(V_0\). This new Callias-type operator falls in a general index problem for fully elliptic operators on a new Lie manifold \((M, \mathcal{W})\), where \(\mathcal{W}=f\mathcal{V}\), possessing a property known as asymptotic commutative. Then, this type of operators is shown to be deformations of pseudo-differential operators (\(\Psi\)DOs) that are asymptotically multiplication on \(M_0\), which can be further approximated by \(\Psi\)DOs that are multiplication outside a compact subset of \(M_0\). Finally, the index formula for \(\Psi\)DOs that are multiplication outside a compact subset of \(M_0\) is studied in [\textit{C. Carvalho}, \(K\)-Theory 36, No. 1--2, 1--31 (2005; Zbl 1117.58009)].