Tridendriform structures (Q6056583)

In a similar way as the construction of the free dendriform algebra with planar binary trees due to Loday and Ronco, a presentation of the free tridendriform algebra \(A\) on one generator is done, based on Schröder trees. Its product is described with the help of quasi-shuffles. Using its universal property and a tensor product of tridendriform algebras, \(A\) is made a bialgebra. It is shown that its graded dual is canonically isomorphic to the opposite of Hopf algebra of Schröder trees introduced by \textit{N. Bergeron} et al. [Adv. Appl. Math. 143, Article ID 102436, 62 p. (2023; Zbl 1510.16032)]. Splitting the coproduct of \(A\) into two parts leads to the notion of \((3,2)\)-bidendriform algebra. The primitive and dendriform primitive elements of \(A\) are studied, and in particular their formal Poincaré-Hilbert formal series are given.