Differential identities and varieties of almost polynomial growth (Q6103903)

The paper studies algebras with polynomial identities over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. Let \(\mathcal{V}\) be a variety of associative algebras acted on by a Lie algebra \(L\) by derivations. Denote by \(c_n^L(\mathcal{V})\) the \(n\)-th codimension of \(\mathcal{V}\). The codimension sequence is one of the most important and studied numerical invariant of PI algebras. In the case of associative PI algebras it grows either polynomially or exponentially. Its exact asymptotic behaviour is also well known. The same holds for algebras with an additional structure: group grading, involution, superinvolution. If \(\mathcal{V}\) is a variety of \(L\)-algebras generated by a finite dimensional algebras, \textit{A. S. Gordienko} [J. Algebra 393, 92--101 (2013; Zbl 1307.16019)] proved that the codimensions of f.d. \(L\)-algebras grow either polynomially or exponentially. It is known that a variety \(\mathcal{V}\) of \(L\)-algebras, generated by a f.d. \(L\)-algebra, is of polynomial codimension growth if and only if neither \(UT_2(F)\) nor \(UT_2^\varepsilon(F)\) belong to \(\mathcal{V}\). Here \(UT_2(F)\) is the \(2\times 2\) matrix algebra with trivial \(L\)-action, and \(UT_2^\varepsilon(F)\) is \(UT_2(F)\) with the adjoint action of the one-dimensional Lie algebra \(L\), spanned by \(e_{11}\). The authors of the present paper classify, up to isomorphism, the \(L\)-subvarieties of the \(L\)-varieties generated by \(UT_2(F)\) and by \(UT_2^\varepsilon(F)\). As the authors remark, the result for \(UT_2(F)\) is known, see the paper by \textit{D. La Mattina} [Manuscr. Math. 123, No. 2, 185--203 (2007; Zbl 1119.16022).