On absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger and Dirac operators (Q827508)

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On absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger and Dirac operators
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    On absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger and Dirac operators (English)
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    12 January 2021
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    The authors consider the question in which space dimensions Schrödinger and Dirac operators with or without mass may have threshold resonances. Threshold resonances are distributional solutions of the related eigenvalue equation that are not elements in the Hilbert space on which the operators are defined. The eigenvalue in this equation is a boundary point of the essential spectrum of the operator of interest, that is, 0 for the Schrödinger and \(\pm m\) for the Dirac operator with mass \(m\). In case of the massless Dirac operator the relevant value is \(0\), although this is not a boundary point of its essential spectrum. The analysis is based on a unified approach using a Lippmann-Schwinger-type equation satisfied by resonance functions as well as on known estimates for Riesz potentials. Under the assumption of a moderate power law decay of the potentials, the authors show the absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger operators in space dimensions \(d \geq 5\). In space dimension \(3\) and \(4\), where threshold resonances exist, their regularity is studied. In case of Dirac operators they prove the absence of threshold resonances for \(d \geq 3\) in the massless case and for \(d \geq 5\) in the case with a mass. For \(d=2\) in the massless case and \(d=3, 4\) in the case with mass the regularity of resonances is discussed. In all cases (Schrödinger and Dirac) the regularity of threshold eigenfunctions is discussed. The absence of threshold resonances for \(d \geq 5\) in the Schrödinger case and for \(d = 3\) in the massless Dirac case appeared already in [\textit{A. Jensen}, Duke Math. J. 47, 57--80 (1980; Zbl 0437.47009)], and it has been proven for \(d = 3\) in the massless Dirac case under weaker decay assumptions on the potential in [\textit{D. Aiba}, Hokkaido Math. J. 45, No. 2, 263--270 (2016; Zbl 1342.35275)]. However, the result on the absence of resonances in dimensions \(d \geq 4\) for the massless Dirac operator and in dimensions \(d \geq 5\) for the massive Dirac operator seems to be new. The article is carefully written and can be expected to be well accessible also to a reader with a limited background on the topic.
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    threshold resonances
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    threshold eigenvalues
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    Schrödinger operators
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    Dirac operators
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