Sharp global estimates for local and nonlocal porous medium-type equations in bounded domains

DOI10.2140/APDE.2018.11.945MaRDI QIDQ1692142zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Matteo Bonforte, Alessio Figalli, Juan Luis Vázquez

Publication date 26 January 2018

Published in Analysis \& PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09881, http://hdl.handle.net/10486/684842

zbMATH Keywords

regularitya priori estimatesnonlinear equationsnonlocal diffusionpositivityboundary behaviorbounded domainsHarnack inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65)

Abstract: This paper provides a quantitative study of nonnegative solutions to nonlinear diffusion equations of porous medium-type of the form $partia{l}_{t}u+mathcalL{u}^m=0$, $m>1$, where the operator $mathcalL$ belongs to a general class of linear operators, and the equation is posed in a bounded domain $Omegasubset{mathbbR}^N$. As possible operators we include the three most common definitions of the fractional Laplacian in a bounded domain with zero Dirichlet conditions, and also a number of other nonlocal versions. In particular, $mathcalL$ can be a power of a uniformly elliptic operator with $C^1$ coefficients. Since the nonlinearity is given by $u^m$ with $m>1$, the equation is degenerate parabolic. The basic well-posedness theory for this class of equations has been recently developed in [14,15]. Here we address the regularity theory: decay and positivity, boundary behavior, Harnack inequalities, interior and boundary regularity, and asymptotic behavior. All this is done in a quantitative way, based on sharp a priori estimates. Although our focus is on the fractional models, our results cover also the local case when $mathcalL$ is a uniformly elliptic operator, and provide new estimates even in this setting. A surprising aspect discovered in this paper is the possible presence of non-matching powers for the long-time boundary behavior. More precisely, when $mathcalL=(-Delta{)}^s$ is a spectral power of the {Dirichlet} Laplacian inside a smooth domain, we can prove that: - when $2s>1-1/m$, for large times all solutions behave as ${mdist}^{1/m}$ near the boundary; - when $2sle1-1/m$, different solutions may exhibit different boundary behavior. This unexpected phenomenon is a completely new feature of the nonlocal nonlinear structure of this model, and it is not present in the semilinear elliptic equation $mathcalL{u}^m=u$.

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