Matrix elements of irreducible representations of GL (n + 1) (n + 1) and multivariable matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2019.108411MaRDI QIDQ2286480zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pablo Manuel Román, Erik Koelink, Maarten Van Pruijssen

Publication date 22 January 2020

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.01927

zbMATH Keywords

branching rulesmulti-variable matrix-valued orthogonal polynomialsspherical functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47)

Abstract: In Part 1 we study the spherical functions on compact symmetric pairs of arbitrary rank under a suitable multiplicity freeness assumption and additional conditions on the branching rules. The spherical functions are taking values in the spaces of linear operators of a finite dimensional representation of the subgroup, so the spherical functions are matrix-valued. Under these assumptions these functions can be described in terms of matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials in several variables, where the number of variables is the rank of the compact symmetric pair. Moreover, these polynomials are uniquely determined as simultaneous eigenfunctions of a commutative algebra of differential operators. In Part 2 we verify that the group case $mathrmSU(n+1)$ meets all the conditions that we impose in Part 1. For any $kinmathbb{N}_0$ we obtain families of orthogonal polynomials in $n$ variables with values in the $NimesN$-matrices, where $$. The case $k=0$ leads to the classical Heckman-Opdam polynomials of type $A_n$ with geometric parameter. For $k=1$ we obtain the most complete results. In this case we give an explicit expression of the matrix weight, which we show to be irreducible whenever $nge2$. We also give explicit expressions of the spherical functions that determine the matrix weight for $k=1$. These expressions are used to calculate the spherical functions that determine the matrix weight for general $k$ up to invertible upper-triangular matrices. This generalizes and gives a new proof of a formula originally obtained by Koornwinder for the case $n=1$. The commuting family of differential operators that have the matrix-valued polynomials as simultaneous eigenfunctions contains an element of order one. We give explicit formulas for differential operators of order one and two for $(n,k)$ equal to $(2,1)$ and $(3,1)$.

Review text

This paper gives a ``basic theory for the existence of families of multi-variable matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials, that are simultaneous eigenfunctions of a commutative algebra of differential operators. Families like this were discussed in [\textit{M. van Pruijssen}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2018, No. 7, 2208--2239 (2018; Zbl 1406.33012)], where ``The existence is based on examples and an \textit{ad hoc} analysis of the involved spectra, as the authors state in their \S1.2. After an extensive section \textbf{Introduction} (\(5\) pages), the paper consists of two parts. In \textbf{Part 1} (Generalities on spherical functions in the multiplicity free setting; \(13\) pages) the authors give the basic theory of \textit{Matrix-valued special functions} and \textit{Matrix-values orthogonal polynomials}. In \textbf{Part 2} (The case \(\mathrm{(U,K)}=\mathrm{SU}(n+1) \times \mathrm{SU}(n+1), \operatorname{diag} \mathrm{SU}(n+1)\), \(25\) pages), the authors treat in several sections \begin{itemize} \item Structure theory and zonal spherical functions, \item Inverting the branch rule, \item The matrix weight, \item Differential equations, \item Examples. \end{itemize} The paper concludes with a list of \textbf{References} (\(50\) items). A meticulously written, deep paper.

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Cited in

(12)

• Matrix valued orthogonal polynomials of Jacobi type: the role of group representation theory.
• One-step spherical functions of the pair \((\mathrm{SU}(n+1), \mathrm U(n))\)
• Multiplicity free induced representations and orthogonal polynomials
• Spherical functions on spheres of rank two
• Matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials related to \((\mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{SU}(2), \mathrm{diag})\)
• On the extended weight monoid of a spherical homogeneous space and its applications to spherical functions
• Matrix spherical functions for \((\text{SU}(n+m),\text{S}(\text{U}(n)\times\text{U}(m)))\): two specific classes
• Duality and difference operators for matrix valued discrete polynomials on the nonnegative integers
• \(\mathrm{BC}_2\)-type multivariable matrix functions and matrix spherical functions
• Matrix-valued classical pairs related to compact Gelfand pairs of rank one: families and shift operators
• Thermal one-point functions and their partial wave decomposition
• Matrix valued orthogonal polynomials arising from the complex projective space

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