Asymptotic preserving schemes for the Klein-Gordon equation in the non-relativistic limit regime

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Publication:2454031



Abstract: We consider the Klein-Gordon equation in the non-relativistic limit regime, i.e. the speed of light c tending to infinity. We construct an asymptotic expansion for the solution with respect to the small parameter depending on the inverse of the square of the speed of light. As the first terms of this asymptotic can easily be simulated our approach allows us to construct numerical algorithms that are robust with respect to the large parameter c producing high oscillations in the exact solution.


This paper considers the Klein-Gordon equation of the form \[ \frac{1}{c^2} \partial_{tt} z - \Delta z + c^2 z = f(z), \;z(0) = \varphi, \;\partial_t z(0) = c^2\gamma, \;c\gg 1. \] Here \(c\) is the wave speed which is assumed to go to infinity. The functions \(f, \;\varphi \) and \(\gamma\) do not depend on \(c\). The solution to this problem is highly oscillating for a large coefficient \(c\) which makes numerical simulation a very challenging task. Typical numerical schemes must consider very small grid sizes. The paper proposes a numerical scheme which is robust with respect to \(c\), i.e., it does not require a small grid size. The scheme is derived based on an asymptotic expansion of the solution with respect to \(c^2\). Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical scheme.



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