Product vacua and boundary state models in d-dimensions
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Abstract: We introduce and analyze a class of quantum spin models defined on d-dimensional lattices Lambda subset of Z^d, which we call `Product Vacua with Boundary States' (PVBS). We characterize their ground state spaces on arbitrary finite volumes and study the thermodynamic limit. Using the martingale method, we prove that the models have a gapped excitation spectrum on Z^d except for critical values of the parameters. For special values of the parameters we show that the excitation spectrum is gapless. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the spectrum to the existence and orientation of boundaries. This sensitivity can be explained by the presence or absence of edge excitations. In particular, we study a PVBS models on a slanted half-plane and show that it has gapless edge states but a gapped excitation spectrum in the bulk.
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- Spectral gap and edge excitations of d-dimensional PVBS models on half-spaces
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- Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary
- Product vacua with boundary states and the classification of gapped phases
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Cited in
(14)- A class of two-dimensional AKLT models with a gap
- Spectral gaps for the two-species product vacua and boundary states models on the \(d\)-dimensional lattice
- Quasi-locality bounds for quantum lattice systems. II: perturbations of frustration-free spin models with gapped ground states
- Spectral gap and edge excitations of d-dimensional PVBS models on half-spaces
- Product vacua with boundary states and the classification of gapped phases
- Stability of the bulk gap for frustration-free topologically ordered quantum lattice systems
- Lieb-Robinson bounds, the spectral flow, and stability of the spectral gap for lattice fermion systems
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- Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary
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