Properties of optimizers of the principal eigenvalue with indefinite weight and Robin conditions

DOI10.1007/S00526-016-1084-6MaRDI QIDQ514262zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors J. Lamboley, Antoine Laurain, Yannick Privat, Grégoire Nadin

Publication date 1 March 2017

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06400

zbMATH Keywords

shape optimizationprincipal eigenvaluefree boundary optimizationindefinite weight function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations (49J15) Optimality conditions for problems involving partial differential equations (49K20) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Numerical methods based on necessary conditions (49M05) Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators (49R05)

Abstract: In this paper, we are interested in the analysis of a well-known free boundary/shape optimization problem motivated by some issues arising in population dynamics. The question is to determine optimal spatial arrangements of favorable and unfavorable regions for a species to survive. The mathematical formulation of the model leads to an indefinite weight linear eigenvalueproblem in a fixed box $Omega$ and we consider the general case of Robin boundary conditions on $partialOmega$. It is well known that it suffices to consider {it bang-bang} weights taking two values of different signs, that can be parametrized by the characteristic function of the subset $E$ of $Omega$ on which resources are located. Therefore, the optimal spatial arrangement is obtained by minimizing the positive principal eigenvalue with respect to $E$, under a volume constraint. By using symmetrization techniques, as well as necessary optimality conditions, we prove new qualitative results on the solutions. Namely, we completely solve the problem in dimension 1, we prove the counter-intuitive result that the ball is almost never a solution in dimension 2 or higher, despite what suggest the numerical simulations. We also introduce a new rearrangement in the ball allowing to get a better candidate than the ball for optimality when Neumann boundary conditions are imposed. We also provide numerical illustrations of our results and of the optimal configurations.

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