Relativistic fluid dynamics: physics for many different scales

DOI10.12942/LRR-2007-1zbMATH Open1255.85001arXivgr-qc/0605010OpenAlexW2114934226WikidataQ30364012 ScholiaQ30364012MaRDI QIDQ5898720FDOQ5898720

Authors: G. L. Comer, N. Andersson 

Publication date: 20 March 2007

Published in: Living Reviews in Relativity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The relativistic fluid is a highly successful model used to describe the dynamics of many-particle, relativistic systems. It takes as input basic physics from microscopic scales and yields as output predictions of bulk, macroscopic motion. By inverting the process, an understanding of bulk features can lead to insight into physics on the microscopic scale. Relativistic fluids have been used to model systems as ``small as heavy ions in collisions, and as large as the universe itself, with ``intermediate sized objects like neutron stars being considered along the way. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mathematical and theoretical physics underpinnings of the relativistic (multiple) fluid model. We focus on the variational principle approach championed by Brandon Carter and his collaborators, in which a crucial element is to distinguish the momenta that are conjugate to the particle number density currents. This approach differs from the ``standard text-book derivation of the equations of motion from the divergence of the stress-energy tensor, in that one explicitly obtains the relativistic Euler equation as an ``integrability condition on the relativistic vorticity. We discuss the conservation laws and the equations of motion in detail, and provide a number of (in our opinion) interesting and relevant applications of the general theory.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0605010

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems in astronomy and astrophysics (85A30) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to astronomy and astrophysics (85-02)

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