The planar low temperature Coulomb gas: separation and equidistribution

Discrete potential theory (31C20) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Sampling theory in information and communication theory (94A20)

Abstract: We consider planar Coulomb systems consisting of a large number

n

of repelling point charges in the low temperature regime, where the inverse temperature

grows at least logarithmically in

n

as

n l o n g r i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

, i.e.,

. Under suitable conditions on an external potential we prove results to the effect that the gas is with high probability uniformly separated and equidistributed with respect to the corresponding equilibrium measure (in the given external field). Our results generalize earlier results about Fekete configurations, i.e., the case

. There are also several auxiliary results which could be of independent interest. For example, our method of proof of equidistribution (a variant of "Landau's method") works for general families of configurations which are uniformly separated and which satisfy certain sampling and interpolation inequalities.

Review text

The paper studies asymptotic properties of the planar Coulomb gas with an external potential in the low temperature regime, as the number of charged particles \(n\) tends to infinity and the inverse temperature \(\beta_n\) grows at least logarithmically with \(n\). Under suitable conditions on the external potential, the authors prove that the particles are asymptotically uniformly separated and equidistributed with respect to the equilibrium density of the Coulomb gas. Similar results were obtained previously in the zero temperature regime \(\beta=\infty\) in [\textit{Y. Ameur} and \textit{J. Ortega-Cerdà}, J. Funct. Anal. 263, No. 7, 1825--1861 (2012; Zbl 1256.31001)]. In the low temperature regime, as in the current paper, a weaker local separation result was proven earlier in [\textit{Y. Ameur}, Commun. Math. Phys. 359, No. 3, 1079--1089 (2018; Zbl 1397.82050)].

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