Cognitive hierarchy theory and two-person games
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Publication:725070
DOI10.3390/G8010001zbMATH Open1407.91012DBLPjournals/games/Gracia-LazaroFM17arXiv1611.10312OpenAlexW2557570630WikidataQ61918354 ScholiaQ61918354MaRDI QIDQ725070FDOQ725070
Authors: Carlos Gracia-Lázaro, Luis Floría, Yamir Moreno 
Publication date: 1 August 2018
Published in: Games (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: The outcome of many social and economic interactions, such as stock-market transactions, is strongly determined by the predictions that agents make about the behavior of other individuals. Cognitive Hierarchy Theory provides a framework to model the consequences of forecasting accuracy that has proven to fit data from certain types of game theory experiments, such as Keynesian Beauty Contests and Entry Games. Here, we focus on symmetric two-players-two-actions games and establish an algorithm to find the players' strategies according to the Cognitive Hierarchy Approach. We show that the Snowdrift Game exhibits a pattern of behavior whose complexity grows as the cognitive levels of players increases. In addition to finding the solutions up to the third cognitive level, we demonstrate, in this theoretical frame, two new properties of snowdrift games: i) any snowdrift game can be characterized by only a parameter -- its class, ii) they are anti-symmetric with respect to the diagonal of the pay-off's space. Finally, we propose a model based on an evolutionary dynamics that captures the main features of the Cognitive Hierarchy Theory.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.10312
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