Surprisingly simple spectra
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Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Supersymmetric field theories in quantum mechanics (81T60) Gravitational interaction in quantum theory (81V17)
Abstract: The large N limit of the anomalous dimensions of operators in super Yang-Mills theory described by restricted Schur polynomials, are studied. We focus on operators labeled by Young diagrams that have two columns (both long) so that the classical dimension of these operators is O(N). At large N these two column operators mix with each other but are decoupled from operators with columns. The planar approximation does not capture the large N dynamics. For operators built with 2, 3 or 4 impurities the dilatation operator is explicitly evaluated. In all three cases, in a certain limit, the dilatation operator is a lattice version of a second derivative, with the lattice emerging from the Young diagram itself. The one loop dilatation operator is diagonalized numerically. All eigenvalues are an integer multiple of and there are interesting degeneracies in the spectrum. The spectrum we obtain for the one loop anomalous dimension operator is reproduced by a collection of harmonic oscillators. This equivalence to harmonic oscillators generalizes giant graviton results known for the BPS sector and further implies that the Hamiltonian defined by the one loop large dilatation operator is integrable. This is an example of an integrable dilatation operator, obtained by summing both planar and non-planar diagrams.
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