Conditioned Brownian trees

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPB.2005.08.001MaRDI QIDQ2507601zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mathilde Weill, J.-F. Le Gall

Publication date 5 October 2006

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Probabilités et Statistiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0501066, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHPB_2006__42_4_455_0, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHPB_2006__42_4_455_0/, https://eudml.org/doc/77903

zbMATH Keywords

Brownian excursionBrownian snakeintegrated super-Brownian excursionrandom continuous treere-rooting

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.) (60J80)

Abstract: We consider a Brownian tree consisting of a collection of one-dimensional Brownian paths started from the origin, whose genealogical structure is given by the Continuum Random Tree (CRT). This Brownian tree may be generated from the Brownian snake driven by a normalized Brownian excursion, and thus yields a convenient representation of the so-called Integrated Super-Brownian Excursion (ISE), which can be viewed as the uniform probability measure on the tree of paths. We discuss different approaches that lead to the definition of the Brownian tree conditioned to stay on the positive half-line. We also establish a Verwaat-like theorem showing that this conditioned Brownian tree can be obtained by re-rooting the unconditioned one at the vertex corresponding to the minimal spatial position. In terms of ISE, this theorem yields the following fact: Conditioning ISE to put no mass on $]-infty,-epsilon[$ and letting $epsilon$ go to 0 is equivalent to shifting the unconditioned ISE to the right so that the left-most point of its support becomes the origin. We derive a number of explicit estimates and formulas for our conditioned Brownian trees. In particular, the probability that ISE puts no mass on $]-infty,-epsilon[$ is shown to behave like $2epsilo{n}^4/21$ when $epsilon$ goes to 0. Finally, for the conditioned Brownian tree with a fixed height $h$, we obtain a decomposition involving a spine whose distribution is absolutely continuous with respect to that of a nine-dimensional Bessel process on the time interval $[0,h]$, and Poisson processes of subtrees originating from this spine.

Review text

The authors define and study a continuous tree of one-dimensional Brownian paths started at the origin and conditioned to remain on the positive half-line. The Brownian tree may be generated from the Brownian snake driven by a normalized Brownian excursion, thus leading to a representation of the integrated super-Brownian excursion. The conditioned tree can be obtained by re-rooting the unconditioned one at the vertex corresponding to the minimal spatial position, in other terms, conditioning the integrated super-Brownian excursion such that no mass is on \(]-\infty,\varepsilon[\) and letting \(\varepsilon\to 0\) is equivalent to shifting the unconditioned process to the right so that the left-most point of its support becomes the origin. The conditioned tree may also be viewed as scaling limit of discrete spatial trees conditioned to remain positive: Consider a Galton-Watson tree with critical offspring distribution and (small) exponential moments, condition it to have exactly \(n\) vertices, combine this branching structure with a spatial displacement corresponding to a symmetric random walk with bounded jump-size on the integers, assume the root to be at the origin, condition the spatial tree to remain on the positive side, and let \(n\to\infty\). Several explicit estimates are derived along with a decomposition of the conditioned tree with fixed height \(h\). The decomposition involves a spine whose distribution is absolutely continuous with respect to that of a nine-dimensional Bessel process on the time interval \([0,h]\), and Poisson processes of subtrees originating from the spine.

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Cited in

(36)

• Excursion theory for Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree
• The center of mass of the ISE and the Wiener index of trees
• Scaling limits for the uniform infinite quadrangulation
• Volume of metric balls in Liouville quantum gravity
• Convergence of Eulerian triangulations
• Iterated foldings of discrete spaces and their limits: candidates for the role of Brownian map in higher dimensions
• The volume measure of the Brownian sphere is a Hausdorff measure
• Geodesic stars in random geometry
• Classification of scaling limits of uniform quadrangulations with a boundary
• Hausdorff measure of arcs and Brownian motion on Brownian spatial trees
• The dimension of the boundary of super-Brownian motion
• Scaling limit of random planar quadrangulations with a boundary
• The Brownian cactus. II: Upcrossings and local times of super-Brownian motion
• Growth of the Brownian forest
• The topological structure of scaling limits of large planar maps
• Invariance principles for random bipartite planar maps
• A conditional limit theorem for tree-indexed random walk
• Super-Brownian motion conditioned on the total mass
• Bessel processes, the Brownian snake and super-Brownian motion
• The hull process of the Brownian plane
• Uniqueness and universality of the Brownian map
• The Brownian map is the scaling limit of uniform random plane quadrangulations
• Embedded trees and the support of the ISE
• Quadrangulations with no pendant vertices
• On scaling limits of planar maps with stable face-degrees
• Tell me about ... the continuous Brownian tree
• Compact Brownian surfaces. I: Brownian disks
• The Markov property of local times of Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree
• Geodesics in large planar maps and in the Brownian map
• Geodesics in the Brownian map: strong confluence and geometric structure
• The snake in the Brownian sphere
• Peeling the Brownian half-plane
• Spinal partitions and invariance under re-rooting of continuum random trees
• The density of the ISE and local limit laws for embedded trees
• Limit of normalized quadrangulations: the Brownian map
• Expected signature of Brownian motion up to the first exit time from a bounded domain

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