Beurling regular variation, Bloom dichotomy, and the Gołąb-Schinzel functional equation (Q2350273)

Two functions \(f,g:(0,\infty) \to (0,\infty)\) are said Beurling \(\varphi\)-equivarying (for \(\varphi\) positive on \([0,\infty)\)), if \[ f(x+t\varphi(x))/g(x) \to 1 \quad \text{as} \quad x \to \infty, \quad \text{for all} \quad t>0. \leqno(BE_{\varphi}) \] If this limit is uniform on compact sets for \(t>0\), they are said uniformly Beurling \(\varphi\)-equivarying (UBE\(_{\varphi}\)). For \(\varphi(x)=O(x)\), we say that \(\varphi>0\) is self-equivarying (\(\varphi\in\mathrm{SE}\)), with limit \(\lambda\), if \[ \varphi(x+t\varphi(x))/\varphi(x) \to \lambda(t) \quad \text{as} \quad x \to \infty, \] uniformly on compact sets for \(t>0\) (SE\(_{\lambda}\)). \vskip 3mm A first result of the paper reads as follows. Theorem 1. For Baire measurable \(\varphi\in\mathrm{SE}\) the limit function \(\lambda\) satisfies the Gołąb-Schinzel functional equation \[ \lambda(x)\lambda(y)=\lambda(x+y\lambda(x)), \] so it is continuous and if positive has the form \(\lambda(t)=1+at\). \vskip 3mm The next result relates (BE\(_{\varphi}\)) with (UBE\(_{\varphi}\)). Theorem 2. For \(\varphi\in\mathrm{SE}\) with limit \(\lambda\), if \(f, g, \varphi\) are Baire measurable and satisfy (BE\(_{\varphi}\)), then they satisfy (UBE\(_{\varphi}\)). \vskip 3mm The uniform convergence theorem of Beurling and Karamata follows as a corollary. Afterwards, the paper deals with the stability properties of Beurling functions and with Bloom dichotomy.