Relative singularity categories. I: Auslander resolutions. (Q305751)

Triangulated categories of singularities may be seen as a categorical measure for the complexity of the singularities of a Noetherian scheme \(X\). For a commutative Noetherian ring \(R\), the category \(\mathcal D_{sg}(R)=\frac{\mathcal D^b(\mathrm{mod}-R)}{\mathrm{Perf}(R)}\), where \(\mathrm{Perf}(R)\) is the subcategory of perfect sheaves, i.e., complexes which are quasi-isomorphic to bounded complexes of finitely generated projective modules, is called the \textit{singularity category} of \(R\) If \(X\) has isolated Gorenstein singularities \(x_1,\dots, x_n\), it is known that the triangulation of the singularity category is equivalent to the direct sum of the stable categories of maximal Cohen-Macaulay \(\widehat{\mathcal O}_{x_i}\)-modules. \textit{M. Van den Bergh} [Duke Math. J. 122, No. 3, 423--455 (2004; Zbl 1074.14013)] defined noncommutative analogues of (crepant) resolutions (NC(C)R) of singularities which gives pure commutative results. Also, moduli spaces of quiver representations give useful techniques to obtain commutative resolutions from noncommutative ones. Combining these concepts, the first author together with \textit{I. Burban} [Adv. Math. 231, No. 1, 414--435 (2012; Zbl 1249.14004)] developed the theory of \textit{relative singularity categories}. The idea is that these categories measure the difference between the derived category of a noncommutative resolution (NCR) and the smooth part \(K^b(\mathrm{proj}-R)\subseteq D^b(\mathsf{mod}-R)\) of the derived category of the singularity. This article is about the relation between relative and classical singularity categories. Using the theories developed here, the authors obtain a purely commutative result. This is in cooperation with Iyama and Wemyss [\textit{M. Kalck} et al., Compos. Math. 151, No. 3, 502--534 (2015; Zbl 1327.14172)], and consists of decomposing \textit{O. Iyama} and \textit{M. Wemyss}' \textit{new triangulated category} [Ill. J. Math. 55, No. 1, 325--341 (2011; Zbl 1258.13015)] for complete rational surface singularities into blocks of singularities categories of ADE singularities. Moreover, \textit{L. Thanhoffer de Völcsey} and \textit{M. Van den Bergh} [``Explicit models for some stable categories of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1006.2021}] have proved that the stable category of a complete Gorenstein quotient singularity of Krull dimension 3 is a generalized cluster category. In this article, the authors recover these results using different techniques. Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field, let \((R,\mathfrak m)\) be a commutative local complete Gorenstein \(k\)-algebra such that \(k\cong R/\mathfrak m\), and let \(\mathsf{MCM}(R)=\{M\in\mathsf{mod}-R|\mathrm {Ext}^i_R(M,R)=0\mathrm{ for all }i>0\}\) be the full subcategory of \textit{maximal Cohen-Macaulay} \(R\)-modules. Let \(M_0=R,\;M_1,\dots,M_t\) be pairwise non-isomorphic indecomposable \(\mathrm{MCM}\;R\)-modules, put \(M=\bigoplus_{i=1}^tM_i\), and let \(A=\mathrm {End}_R(M)\). If \(\mathrm {gldim}(A)<\infty\), \(A\) is a \textit{noncommutative resolution} (NCR) of \(R\). A particular case influencing the article, is the case where \(R\) has a finite number of indecomposable MCMs and \(M\) is their sum. Then \(\mathrm {End}_R(M)\) is the \textit{Auslander algebra} \(\mathrm {Aus}((\mathsf{MCM})\) which is a NCR. There is a fully faithful triangle functor \(K^b(\mathrm{proj}-R)\rightarrow D^b(\mathsf{mod}-A)\) whose essential image is \(\mathsf{thick}(eA)\subseteq D^b(\mathsf{mod}-A)\), where \(e\in A\) is the idempotent corresponding to the projection on \(R\). The \textit{classical singularity category} is defined as \(D_{sg}(R)=D^b(\mathrm{mod}-R)/K^b(\mathrm{proj}-R)\), and the authors define the \textit{relative singularity category} as the Verdier quotient category \(\Delta_R(A)=\frac{D^b(\mathrm{mod}-A)}{K^b(\mathrm{proj}-R)}\cong\frac{D^b(\mathrm{mod}-A)}{\mathrm{thick}(A)}.\) The main result in the present article relates these two categories: ``Theorem. Let \(R\) and \(R^\prime\) be MCM-representation finite complete Gorenstein \(k\)-algebras with Auslander algebras \(A=\mathrm{Aus}(\mathrm{MCM}(R))\) and \(A^\prime=\mathrm{Aus}(\mathrm{MCM}(R^\prime))\), respectively. Then the following statements are equivalent: (i) There is an equivalence \(\underline{\mathrm{MCM}}(R)\cong\underline{\mathrm{MCM}}(R^\prime)\) of triangulated categories. (ii) There is an equivalence \(\Delta_R(A)\cong\Delta_{R^\prime}(A^\prime)\) of triangulated categories. The implication \((ii)\Rightarrow (i)\) holds more generally for non-commutative resolutions \(A\) and \(A^\prime\) of arbitrary isolated Gorenstein singularities \(R\) and \(R^\prime\) respectively.'' The authors use Knörrer's periodicity theorem to give nontrivial examples for (i) in the theorem. The result is proved in a differential algebra framework. To every Hom-finte idempotent complete algebraic triangulated category \(\mathcal T\) with finitely many indecomposable objects satisfying conditions which holds for \(\mathcal T=\underline{\mathsf{MCM}}(R)\), there is an associated \textit{dg Auslander algebra} \(\Lambda_{dg}(\mathcal T)\), completely determined by \(\mathcal T\). A recollement of categories is a collection of additive functors with certain properties, and recollements generated by idempotents, Koszul duality and the fractional Calabi-Yau property is used to prove the existence of an equivalence of triangulated categories \(\Delta_R(\mathrm{Aus}(\mathrm{MCM}(R)))\cong\mathrm{per}(\Lambda_{dg}(\underline{\mathrm{MCM}}(R))).\) This equivalence and its like, is then exploited to prove the theorem. The article contains an appendix with a complete list of the graded quivers determining the dg Auslander algebras for ADE-singularities in all Krull dimensions. The article shows a relation to generalized cluster categories and stable categories of special Cohen-Macaulay modules over complete rational singularities. The article contains the necessary development of relative singularity categories, an introduction to derived categories, dg algebras and Koszul duality, complete path algebras and minimal resolutions. A nice section on the fractional Calabi-Yau property is given. All in all, this is a very nice application of noncommutative algebraic geometry, and illustrates how the theory can, or even should, be used to obtain commutative results.