Geometric space-frequency analysis on manifolds (Q501950)

This long paper gives an interesting survey of methods for the construction of space-frequency concentrated frames on a Riemannian manifold \(M\) with bounded curvature and the applications of these frames to function spaces. In the classical case \(M:=\mathbb{R}\), by the sampling theorem, one can obtain a Paley-Wiener frame on \(L_2(\mathbb{R})\). In this case, the Paley-Wiener frame means a frame on \(L_2(\mathbb{R})\) whose element belongs to some Paley-Wiener space \(PW_\omega(\mathbb{R})\) for \(\omega\in (0,\infty)\), which consists of all functions \(f\in L_2(\mathbb{R})\) whose Fourier transform has support in \([-\omega,\omega]\). Motivated by this, the authors give a sampling theorem on an arbitrary Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\). More precisely, let \(L\) be a self-adjoint definite operator and, for any \(k\in\mathbb{R}_+\), \(\mathcal{H}^k\) be the domain of \(L^{k/2}\), with the norm \(\|f\|_k:=\|f\|+\|L^{k/2}f\|\) whenever \(f\in\mathcal{H}^k\). Assume that there exist a positive constant \(C\) and \(m_0\in[0,\infty)\) such that there exists a set of functionals \(\mathcal{A}^{(\rho)}:=\{\mathcal{A}^{(\rho)}_k\}\), defined on \(\mathcal{H}^{m_0}\), satisfying that, for any \(m\in(m_0,\infty)\) and \(f\in\mathcal{H}^m\), \[ C^{-1}\sum_k\left|\mathcal{A}^{(\rho)}_kf\right|^2\leq\|f\|^2 \leq C\left[\sum_k\left|\mathcal{A}^{(\rho)}_kf\right|^2+\rho^{2m}\left\|L^{m/2}f\right\|^2\right]. \] If the above assumption holds true, then a sampling theorem holds true on \(\mathcal{H}\). This result allows a handy construction of Paley-Wiener frames in \(\mathcal{H}\). In this case, the Paley-Wiener frame means a frame in \(\mathcal{H}\) whose element belongs to some Paley-Wiener space \(PW_\omega(\sqrt{L})\) for \(\omega\in(0,\infty)\), which consists of all \(f\in\mathcal{H}\) whose spectral Fourier transform \(\mathcal{F}f\) has support in \([0,\omega]\). If \(\mathcal{H}:=L_2(M)\), then the above assumption holds true and hence a Paley-Wiener frame in \(L_2(M)\) exists by taking a partition of unity in the frequency domain, where the notion of the frequency is defined using the spectrum of a distinguished differential operator on \(M\), typically the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The discretization of associated integral kernels then gives rise to frames consisting of smooth functions in \(L_2(M)\). Moreover, if \(M\) is compact, the authors generalize the \(L_p\)-Jackson inequality and the \(L_p\)-Bernstein inequality for any \(p\in[1,\infty]\). These inequalities allow to characterize elements of the Besov spaces in terms of the approximation by eigenfunctions of elliptic differential operators on \(M\). Recall that, for any \(\alpha\in(0,\infty)\), \(p\in[1,\infty]\) and \(q\in(0,\infty]\), the Besov space \(\mathcal{B}^\alpha_{p,q}(M)\) is defined as \(\mathcal{B}^\alpha_{p,q}(M):=(L_p(M),W^r_p(M))_{\alpha/r,q}^K\), where \(\alpha<r\in\mathbb{N}\), \(K\) is the Peetre interpolation functor and \(W^r_p(M)\) is the domain of any elliptic differential operator of order \(r\). In this setting, the authors construct Parseval bandlimited and localized frames in \(L_2(M)\) and show that they serve to characterize Besov spaces via coefficient decay. If \(M\) is a compact homogeneous manifold, one can obtain the product property for eigenfunctions of certain operators and prove cubature formulae with positive coefficients which allows to construct Parseval frames that characterize Besov spaces in terms of coefficient decay. The general theory is exemplified with the help of concrete and relevant examples which include the unit sphere and the Poincaré half plane.