Riemann--Hilbert analysis for Jacobi polynomials orthogonal on a single contour

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2005.02.004MaRDI QIDQ557550zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrei Martínez Finkelshtein, Ramón Orive

Publication date 30 June 2005

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0410320

zbMATH Keywords

steepest descent methodRiemann-Hilbert characterization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic representations in the complex plane (30E15) Boundary value problems in the complex plane (30E25)

Abstract: Classical Jacobi polynomials $$, with $$, have a number of well-known properties, in particular the location of their zeros in the open interval $(-1,1)$. This property is no longer valid for other values of the parameters; in general, zeros are complex. In this paper we study the strong asymptotics of Jacobi polynomials where the real parameters $$ depend on $n$ in such a way that ${\displaystyle }$ lim_{n oinfty}frac{alpha_{n}}{n}=A, quad lim_{n oinfty}frac{�eta_{n}}{n}=B, ${\displaystyle }$ with $A,BinmathbbR$. We restrict our attention to the case where the limits $A,B$ are not both positive and take values outside of the triangle bounded by the straight lines A=0, B=0 and $A+B+2=0$. As a corollary, we show that in the limit the zeros distribute along certain curves that constitute trajectories of a quadratic differential. The non-hermitian orthogonality relations for Jacobi polynomials with varying parameters lie in the core of our approach; in the cases we consider, these relations hold on a single contour of the complex plane. The asymptotic analysis is performed using the Deift-Zhou steepest descent method based on the Riemann-Hilbert reformulation of Jacobi polynomials.

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