Fractional porous media equations: existence and uniqueness of weak solutions with measure data

DOI10.1007/S00526-015-0904-4MaRDI QIDQ889752zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gabriele Grillo, Matteo Muratori, Fabio Punzo

Publication date 9 November 2015

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6076

fractional Laplacian fractional Sobolev spaces Stroock-Varopoulos and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities Weighted \(L^p\) spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65) PDEs with measure (35R06) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of porous media equations driven by the fractional Laplacian when the initial data are positive finite Radon measures on the Euclidean space. For given solutions without a prescribed initial condition, the problem of existence and uniqueness of the initial trace is also addressed. By the same methods we can also treat weighted fractional porous media equations, with a weight that can be singular at the origin, and must have a sufficiently slow decay at infinity (power-like). In particular, we show that the Barenblatt-type solutions exist and are unique. Such a result has a crucial role in [24], where the asymptotic behavior of solutions is investigated. Our uniqueness result solves a problem left open, even in the non-weighted case, in [42]

Review text

The authors study solutions properties for the boundary nonlinear value problem \[ (*):\;\rho u_t(\cdot,\cdot)+(-\Delta)^s[u(\cdot,\cdot)]^m=0\text{ in } \mathbb R^d\times\mathbb R_+\quad \text{and}\quad \rho u(\cdot,\cdot)=\mu\text{ on }\mathbb R^d\times\{0\}, \] where \((s,d,m)\in (0,1)\times (2s,\infty) \times (1,\infty)\), \(\mu\) represents a positive Radon measure on \(\mathbb R^d\) and \(\rho\) is a frame measurable weight function on \(\mathbb R^d\) such that its frame bounds are given, up to multiplicative constants, in terms of the power of \(|x|^{-\gamma}\) for \(\gamma\in [0,2s)\) whenever \(x\) belongs to the complement of the open unit ball in \( \mathbb R^d\) (resp. \(|x|^{-\gamma_0}\) for \(\gamma_0\in [0,\gamma]\) and \(|x|<1\)). Then, the authors state their main result that \((*)\) has a weak solution \(u(\cdot,\cdot)\in L_p(\mathbb R^d,\rho(x)dx)\), the set of \(p\)-integrable functions with respect to the measure \(\rho dx\) for \(p\in [1,\infty]\) and the \(L_\infty\)-norm of \(u(\cdot,t)\) is bounded by \(K_{\gamma,d,s,m}t^{-\alpha}\|u(\cdot,t)\|^{\beta}_{L_1(\mathbb R^d,\rho(x)dx)}\) such that \(\alpha,\beta, K_{\gamma,d,m,s}\) are constants depending on \(\gamma\), \(d\), \(s\), \(m\), where the two first constants are given explicitly. Furthermore, the weak solution satisfies some energy estimates (Theorem 3.2). About the proof of the main result, the authors use an approximation process and substituting \(\mu\) by \(\rho u(\cdot,0)\), where \(u(\cdot,0)\) is a bounded function belonging to \(L_1(\mathbb R^d,\rho(x)dx)\) (Lemma 4.2). The uniqueness of the weak solution for \((*)\) is stated in Theorem 3.4 and due to the toughness for proving this theorem, the authors provide the fundamental ideas, see the fifth section. The authors conclude their work by stating that the operator \(\rho^{-1}(-\Delta)^{s}\) is self-adjoint, positive and generates a Markov semigroup on \(L_2(\mathbb R^d, \rho dx)\) (Theorem 3.7), and the proof is pinpointed in Appendix B.

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