Global classical solutions of the Boltzmann equation without angular cut-off

DOI10.1090/S0894-0347-2011-00697-8MaRDI QIDQ3011041zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Robert M. Strain, Philip T. Gressman

Publication date 27 June 2011

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5441

zbMATH Keywords

anisotropyBoltzmann equationfractional derivativeshard potentialsharmonic analysiskinetic theorylong-range interactionnon-cut-offsoft potentials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Subelliptic equations (35H20) Boltzmann equations (35Q20) PDEs in connection with statistical mechanics (35Q82) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics (76P05) Kinetic theory of gases in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C40)

Abstract: This work proves the global stability of the Boltzmann equation (1872) with the physical collision kernels derived by Maxwell in 1866 for the full range of inverse-power intermolecular potentials, $r^{-(p-1)}$ with $p>2$, for initial perturbations of the Maxwellian equilibrium states, as announced in cite{gsNonCutA}. We more generally cover collision kernels with parameters $sin(0,1)$ and $gamma$ satisfying $gamma>-n$ in arbitrary dimensions $mathbb{T}^{n}imesmathbb{R}^n$ with $nge2$. Moreover, we prove rapid convergence as predicted by the celebrated Boltzmann $H$-theorem. When $gammage-2s$, we have exponential time decay to the Maxwellian equilibrium states. When $gamma<-2s$, our solutions decay polynomially fast in time with any rate. These results are completely constructive. Additionally, we prove sharp constructive upper and lower bounds for the linearized collision operator in terms of a geometric fractional Sobolev norm; we thus observe that a spectral gap exists only when $gammage-2s$, as conjectured in Mouhot-Strain cite{MR2322149}. It will be observed that this fundamental equation, derived by both Boltzmann and Maxwell, grants a basic example where a range of geometric fractional derivatives occur in a physical model of the natural world. Our methods provide a new understanding of the grazing collisions in the Boltzmann theory.

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