Hecke operators in \(KK\)-theory and the \(K\)-homology of Bianchi groups (Q784876)

Let \(H\) be the hyperbolic \(n\)-space from differential geometry, for instance the Poincaré ball model, which is the open unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). Let \(\partial H\) be the boundary of the geodesic compactification of \(H\), so the unit \((n-1)\)-sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). Assume given a discrete group \(\Gamma\) which acts by isometries on \(H\) as well as on \(\partial H\) by extension. The authors consider the \(C^*\)-algebras \(C_0(H/\Gamma)\), \(C_0(\partial H) \rtimes \Gamma\) and \(C^*(\Gamma)\) and their \(K\)-theory and \(K\)-homology, as well as the group homology \(H^n(\Gamma,\mathbb{Z})\) and cohomology \(H_n(\Gamma,\mathbb{Z})\) and relate them to each other by considering certain six exact sequences and a classical result by Kasparov about spectral sequences for \(K\)-homology of crossed products in case \(n=3\). Overall, methodologically \(KK\)-theory plays an important role in their approach, for instance by classical methods by Kasparov about the \(\gamma\)-element, Clifford algebras and Hodge-de Rham operators, where some such associated \(KK\)-elements are called Hecke operators by the authors and are shown to commute with the exacts sequences on the level of \(KK\)-theory. By imposing restrictions on the dimension \(n\) and the property of \(\Gamma\) the authors achieve some concrete results. For instance, for \(n=3\) and for \(M=H/\Gamma\) being the 3-hyperbolic manifold associated to a noncocompact torsion-free discrete subgroup \(\Gamma\) of \(\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{C})\) one has \(H_1(\Gamma,\mathbb{Z}) \cong K_1(C^*(\Gamma))\), \(H^1(\Gamma,\mathbb{Z}) \cong K^1(C^*(\Gamma))\), and \(H_2(\overline M,\partial \overline M,\mathbb{Z}) \cong K^0(C_0(M))\) and \(H^1(\Gamma,\mathbb{Z}) \oplus H_2(\overline M, \partial \overline M, \mathbb{Z}) \cong K^1(C_0(\partial H) \rtimes \Gamma)\). The maps of the exact sequences in \(KK\)-theory are often related to explicitly described Kasparov elements.