A unified statistical framework for single cell and bulk RNA sequencing data

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Publication:1647646

DOI10.1214/17-AOAS1110zbMATH Open1393.62120arXiv1609.08028OpenAlexW3099404564WikidataQ91266474 ScholiaQ91266474MaRDI QIDQ1647646FDOQ1647646


Authors: Lingxue Zhu, Jing Lei, Bernie Devlin, Kathryn Roeder Edit this on Wikidata


Publication date: 26 June 2018

Published in: The Annals of Applied Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Recent advances in technology have enabled the measurement of RNA levels for individual cells. Compared to traditional tissue-level bulk RNA-seq data, single cell sequencing yields valuable insights about gene expression profiles for different cell types, which is potentially critical for understanding many complex human diseases. However, developing quantitative tools for such data remains challenging because of high levels of technical noise, especially the "dropout" events. A "dropout" happens when the RNA for a gene fails to be amplified prior to sequencing, producing a "false" zero in the observed data. In this paper, we propose a Unified RNA-Sequencing Model (URSM) for both single cell and bulk RNA-seq data, formulated as a hierarchical model. URSM borrows the strength from both data sources and carefully models the dropouts in single cell data, leading to a more accurate estimation of cell type specific gene expression profile. In addition, URSM naturally provides inference on the dropout entries in single cell data that need to be imputed for downstream analyses, as well as the mixing proportions of different cell types in bulk samples. We adopt an empirical Bayes approach, where parameters are estimated using the EM algorithm and approximate inference is obtained by Gibbs sampling. Simulation results illustrate that URSM outperforms existing approaches both in correcting for dropouts in single cell data, as well as in deconvolving bulk samples. We also demonstrate an application to gene expression data on fetal brains, where our model successfully imputes the dropout genes and reveals cell type specific expression patterns.


Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08028




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