Indirect reciprocity with trinary reputations
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Abstract: Indirect reciprocity is a reputation-based mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations when individuals do not repeatedly meet. The conditions under which cooperation based on indirect reciprocity occurs have been examined in great details. Most previous theoretical analysis assumed for mathematical tractability that an individual possesses a binary reputation value, i.e., good or bad, which depends on their past actions and other factors. However, in real situations, reputations of individuals may be multiple valued. Another puzzling discrepancy between the theory and experiments is the status of the so-called image scoring, in which cooperation and defection are judged to be good and bad, respectively, independent of other factors. Such an assessment rule is found in behavioral experiments, whereas it is known to be unstable in theory. In the present study, we fill both gaps by analyzing a trinary reputation model. By an exhaustive search, we identify all the cooperative and stable equilibria composed of a homogeneous population or a heterogeneous population containing two types of players. Some results derived for the trinary reputation model are direct extensions of those for the binary model. However, we find that the trinary model allows cooperation under image scoring under some mild conditions.
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Cites work
- A tale of two defectors: the importance of standing for evolution of indirect reciprocity
- Evolution of indirect reciprocity by social information: the role of trust and reputation in evolution of altruism
- Global analyses of evolutionary dynamics and exhaustive search for social norms that maintain cooperation by reputation
- How should we define goodness? -- reputation dynamics in indirect reciprocity
- Indirect reciprocity among imperfect individuals
- Indirect reciprocity and strategic reputation building in an experimental helping game
- Learning to cooperate via indirect reciprocity
- Reactive strategies in indirect reciprocity
- Social Norms and Community Enforcement
- The good, the bad and the discriminator -- errors in direct and indirect reciprocity
- The leading eight: social norms that can maintain cooperation by indirect reciprocity
- The logic of reprobation: assessment and action rules for indirect reciprocation
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(16)- Corrigendum to ``Indirect reciprocity with trinary reputations
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- A model for gossip-mediated evolution of altruism with various types of false information by speakers and assessment by listeners
- On the stability of cooperation under indirect reciprocity with first-order information
- A second-order stability analysis for the continuous model of indirect reciprocity
- Indirect reciprocity with optional interactions and private information
- A review of theoretical studies on indirect reciprocity
- Effect of assessment error and private information on stern-judging in indirect reciprocity
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- Indirect reciprocity in three types of social dilemmas
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- Value homophily benefits cooperation but motivates employing incorrect social information
- Convergence of reputations under indirect reciprocity
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