MMP for moduli of sheaves on \(K3\)s via wall-crossing: nef and movable cones, Lagrangian fibrations (Q481107)

For a projective \(K3\) surface \(X\) with a generic polarization \(H\), and a primitive algebraic class \(v\) in the Mukai lattice with Mukai pairing \(v^2 > 0\), it is known that the moduli space \(M_H(v)\) of \(H\)-Gieseker stable sheaves is a hyperkähler variety deformation equivalent to Hilbert schemes of points on \(K3\) surfaces. By the work of Hasset and Tschinkel, there is a locally polyhedral chamber decomposition of the movable cone of \(M_H (v)\) induced by the cone theorem and the minimal model program (MMP), in which the chambers correspond to the smooth \(K\)-trivial birational models, and the walls correspond to the extremal Mori contractions. The main result of the paper under review proves that any MMP for the \(M_H (v)\) can be induced by wall-crossing for Bridgeland stability conditions, and as a result any minimal model has an interpretation as a moduli space of Bridgeland-stable objects for some chamber. In particular, the chamber decomposition of the movable cone of \(M_H (v)\) is expressed in terms of the Mukai lattice of \(X\) from a description of the chamber decomposition of the space of Bridgeland stability conditions. Moreover, the location of the walls in the space of Bridgeland stability conditions, and the birational modification of \(M_H(v)\) associated to each wall are determined and expressed purely in terms of the algebraic Mukai lattice. The main ingredients of the proof are Harder-Narasimhan filtraitons in families, and the fact that moduli space of stable objects on \(K3\) surface has expected dimension. As a corollary, this result combined with the Mukai-Orlov's derived Torelli theorem, and a Hodge theoretic result of Markham, completes Mukai's program already started in 80s to understand the birational maps between the moduli spaces \(M_H(v)\) via Fourier-Mukai transform. The paper under review also proves a long-standing conjecture on the existence of a birational Lagrangian fibration for \(M_H(v)\): Conjecture (Tyurin-Bogomolov-Hassett-Tschinkel-Huybrechts-Sawon). Let \(M\) be a compact hyperkähler manifold of dimension \(2m\), and let \(q\) denote its Beauville-Bogomolov form. There exists an integral divisor class \(D\) with \(q(D) = 0\) if and only if there exists a birational hyperkähler manifold \(M\) admitting a Lagrangian fibration. Moreover, if \(M\) admits a nef integral primitive divisor class \(D\) with \(q(D) = 0\), then there exists a Lagrangian fibration \(M\to \mathbb{P}^n\) induced by the linear system of \(D\). The proof uses the birationality of wall-crossing and a Fourier-Mukai transform to reduce the conjecture to the well-known case of a moduli space of torsion sheaves, studied by Beauville. Among the other applications, the paper under review studies Le Potier's Strange Duality in the case where one of the two classes involved has square zero, and gives sufficient criteria determined by wall-crossing for the Strange Duality to hold.