Boutroux curves with external field: equilibrium measures without a variational problem

DOI10.1007/S13324-011-0012-3MaRDI QIDQ692084zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. Bertola

Publication date 4 December 2012

Published in Analysis and Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0705.3062

zbMATH Keywords

Riemann surfacehyperelliptic curveBoutroux conditionspseudo-orthogonal polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, inverse differential Galois, etc.) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M50)

Abstract: The nonlinear steepest descent method for rank-two systems relies on the notion of g-function. The applicability of the method ranges from orthogonal polynomials (and generalizations) to Painleve transcendents, and integrable wave equations (KdV, NonLinear Schroedinger, etc.). For the case of asymptotics of generalized orthogonal polynomials with respect to varying complex weights we can recast the requirements for the Cauchy-transform of the equilibrium measure into a problem of algebraic geometry and harmonic analysis and completely solve the existence and uniqueness issue without relying on the minimization of a functional. This addresses and solves also the issue of the ``free boundary problem, determining implicitly the curves where the zeroes of the orthogonal polynomials accumulate in the limit of large degrees and the support of the measure. The relevance to the quasi--linear Stokes phenomenon for Painleve equations is indicated. A numerical algorithm to find these curves in some cases is also explained. Technical note: the animations included in the file can be viewed using Acrobat Reader 7 or higher. Mac users should also install a QuickTime plugin called Flip4Mac. Linux users can extract the embedded animations and play them with an external program like VLC or MPlayer. All trademarks are owned by the respective companies.

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(27)

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• Roots of generalised Hermite polynomials when both parameters are large
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• A holomorphic and background independent partition function for matrix models and topological strings
• Combinatorial analysis of the period mapping: the topology of 2D fibres
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• Commuting difference operators, spinor bundles and the asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with respect to varying complex weights
• Meromorphic differentials with imaginary periods on degenerating hyperelliptic curves
• Rodrigues' descendants of a polynomial and Boutroux curves
• Fay identities of Pfaffian type for hyperelliptic curves
• Asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with complex varying quartic weight: global structure, critical point behavior and the first Painlevé equation
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• Superpotentials, quantum parameter space and phase transitions in \( \mathcal{N}=1\) supersymmetric gauge theories
• The resurgence of instantons: multi-cut Stokes phases and the Painlevé II equation
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• Phase structure and asymptotic zero densities of orthogonal polynomials in the cubic model
• Critical measures for vector energy: global structure of trajectories of quadratic differentials
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