The intrinsic hypoelliptic Laplacian and its heat kernel on unimodular Lie groups

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2009.01.006MaRDI QIDQ1017692zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jean-Paul Gauthier, Francesco Rossi, A. A. Agrachev, Ugo Boscain

Publication date 12 May 2009

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.0734

zbMATH Keywords

heat equationhypoelliptic Laplaciangeneralized Fourier transform

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80)

Abstract: We present an invariant definition of the hypoelliptic Laplacian on sub-Riemannian structures with constant growth vector, using the Popp's volume form introduced by Montgomery. This definition generalizes the one of the Laplace-Beltrami operator in Riemannian geometry. In the case of left-invariant problems on unimodular Lie groups we prove that it coincides with the usual sum of squares. We then extend a method (first used by Hulanicki on the Heisenberg group) to compute explicitly the kernel of the hypoelliptic heat equation on any unimodular Lie group of type I. The main tool is the noncommutative Fourier transform. We then study some relevant cases: SU(2), SO(3), SL(2) (with the metrics inherited by the Killing form), and the group SE(2) of rototranslations of the plane. Our study is motivated by some recent results about the cut and conjugate loci on these sub-Riemannian manifolds. The perspective is to understand how singularities of the sub-Riemannian distance reflect on the kernel of the corresponding hypoelliptic heat equation.

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