Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2010.172.291zbMATH Open1204.82028OpenAlexW2075168679MaRDI QIDQ990177FDOQ990177

Authors László Erdős, B. Schlein, Horng-Tzer Yau

Publication date 6 September 2010

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0606017

zbMATH Keywords

scaling limitsBose-Einstein condensateGross-Pitaevskii equationcondensate releaseconfining trapsmean field descriptionrepulsive bosonstime evolution problem after trap removalN-body Schrödinger equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Feynman diagrams (81T18) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26)

Abstract: Consider a system of $N$ bosons in three dimensions interacting via a repulsive short range pair potential $N^{2}V(N(x_i-x_j))$, where $$ denotes the positions of the particles. Let $H_N$ denote the Hamiltonian of the system and let $ps{i}_{N,t}$ be the solution to the Schr"odinger equation. Suppose that the initial data $ps{i}_{N,0}$ satisfies the energy condition [ < psi_{N,0}, H_N^k psi_{N,0} > leq C^k N^k ] for $k=1,2,\mathrm{...}$. We also assume that the $k$-particle density matrices of the initial state are asymptotically factorized as $Noinfty$. We prove that the $k$-particle density matrices of $ps{i}_{N,t}$ are also asymptotically factorized and the one particle orbital wave function solves the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, a cubic non-linear Schr"odinger equation with the coupling constant given by the scattering length of the potential $V$. We also prove the same conclusion if the energy condition holds only for $k=1$ but the factorization of $ps{i}_{N,0}$ is assumed in a stronger sense.

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