Retraction maps: a seed of geometric integrators

DOI10.1007/S10208-022-09571-XMaRDI QIDQ6047303zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors M. Barbero-Liñán, David Martín de Diego

Publication date 7 September 2023

Published in Foundations of Computational Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.00607

canonical transformations discrete variational calculus retraction maps symplectic methods tangent and cotangent bundles

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symplectic and canonical mappings (37J11) Discretization methods and integrators (symplectic, variational, geometric, etc.) for dynamical systems (37M15) Curves in Euclidean and related spaces (53A04) Canonical transformations in symplectic and contact geometry (53D22) Numerical methods for Hamiltonian systems including symplectic integrators (65P10) Differential geometric methods (tensors, connections, symplectic, Poisson, contact, Riemannian, nonholonomic, etc.) for problems in mechanics (70G45)

Abstract: The classical notion of retraction map used to approximate geodesics is extended and rigorously defined to become a powerful tool to construct geometric integrators and it is called discretization map. Using the geometry of the tangent and cotangent bundles, we are able to tangently and cotangent lift such a map so that these lifts inherit the same properties as the original one and they continue to be discretization maps. In particular, the cotangent lift of a discretization map is a natural symplectomorphism, what plays a key role for constructing geometric integrators and symplectic methods. As a result, a wide range of (higer-order) numerical methods are recovered and canonically constructed by using different discretization maps, as well as some operations with Lagrangian submanifolds.

Review text

The authors propose a generalization of the classical concept of retraction map. Retraction maps provide a means to select a smooth curve on a differentiable manifold given an initial position and velocity; a curve like this is an approximation of the Riemannian exponential map. The classical version of retraction map can be used in many ways, including approximating geodesics on a Riemannian manifold. More background and additional references for retraction maps are provided in [\textit{P.-A. Absil} et al., in Optimization algorithms on matrix manifolds. Princeton Unversity Press, Princeton NJ (2008; Zbl 1147.65043)]. In this paper the original idea is extended to construct geometric integrators that can take the form of a discretization map. Lifts of such discretization maps to the tangent and cotangent bundles turn out to inherit the properties of the original map, and therefore continue to be discretization maps. It turns out that the cotangent lift of a discretization map is also a natural symplectomorphism. This is particularly useful for creating geometric integrators for systems defined by either Hamiltonian or Lagrangian functions. The authors show how well-known geometric methods can be derived in their general framework. Furthermore, they believe that their work can enable other geometric integrators, even higher order ones, that might be applied to more complex mechanical systems.

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